Corporations and Government

Corporations and Government In the 19th century, the system of business relations was shaped by the new form of the company’s organization. This new form became known as the corporation. The first corporations were created as a result of the partnership between influential business establishments. The economical conditions of that epoch were primary for the formation of the concept of corporation. The fact is that the capitalization of the companies seriously increased due to the industrial revolution. It became possible for the companies to produce more goods and export them or sell at the local market. The economic growth was beneficial for the financial sector. The banks flourished, and the owners of the banks tried to invest money in new projects, such as railroad or agriculture. The other important positive feature of the corporation is that the managerial form of ruling the company appeared. In the earlier decades, the companies were managed by their owners. After the â€Å"corporation revolution† the understanding of the managerial hierarchy appeared (Lehne 68-94). It helped the owners to focus on the development of the basic strategic steps rather than thinking about common working issues. Furthermore, the unemployment rates significantly decreased due to the appearance of the new job places. However, the reputation of the corporations was later undermined. It happened due to secret policies of the corporation owners. They understood that they are extremely powerful because they accumulated enough resources to influence the legislative decisions of the government. At the same time, many corporations ignored environmental issues, which led to the destruction of the nature in the entire regions. At the same time, the financial crisis of the 1930s has shown that the growth of corporations could be dangerous for the social welfare of the common citizens. I think that today corporations continue being extremely influential. At the same time, they face a huge amount of lawsuits due to the illegal actions in some regions of the world. Needless to say, that modern corporations, such as Apple or Coca-Cola have a huge influence on the social development of the globalized world. Therefore, it is essential for community and government to control the activities of these legal entities. The understanding of the positive government is connected with the interpretations of the governmental role in the functioning of economical processes. A close look at the data indicates that the first links to the â€Å"positive government† term are traced to the year 1929. It was the period of the Great Depression, which happened after the crash of the national economy. The economists of that epoch, such as John Maynard Keynes, proposed to increase the role government in the macroeconomic policies. The basic idea was to give possibility for the government to intervene the economic processes. Thus, in the 1930s, the U.S. government started to collect the economic information in order to implement this knowledge in monetary and employment policies. With the help of this intervention, the country has overcome the financial crisis. In the first decade of the 21st century, the government faced the same issues as in the 1929. The liberalization of the mortgage laws and the absence of the governmental control led to the formation of the financial bubble. As a result, the entire world suffered from financial crisis (Macionis 102-112). Therefore, the concept of the positive government was implemented in the second decade of the 21st century. The Constitution and the distribution of power have a huge role on the formation of the positive government because the legislative sphere provides the framework for the governmental activities. In the first decade of the 21st century, the distribution of power was based on the decisions of the Republicans while the modern U.S. policies are conducted by the Democrats. Thus, the distribution of the power has changed on the basis of the principles of the Constitution.

Lab Report On The Sternberg Search Lab - 1644 Words

The CogLab that I chose to do a lab report on is the Sternberg Search lab. The purpose of this lab was to see how information was retrieved from the short-term memory. Many people who research memory believed that a short-term memory that held information for a couple seconds existed, but that if the information wasn’t transferred to the long term memory for permanent storage then the information would be lost. Interest in short-term memory grew and Saul Sternberg developed an experiment to explore short-term memory in 1966 with a series of articles. In his experiment participants were shown a short list of numbers and asked to memorize them. The list contained one to six items. After the participants memorized the list of numbers they were shown a probe number. The probe number was either in the list that the participants were shown or it was a new number. The participant was supposed to say if the probe number was in the list or if it was a new number. They were supp osed to answer as quickly as possible. The amount of time it took the participant to respond should equal the time it took searching the short-term memory to determine if the probe number was in the list or not. Sternberg realized that he could test several different theories of short-term memory by changing the number of items in the list. There were two types of theories about retrieving information from the short-term memory that had different predictions. In a serial search the memory searchShow MoreRelatedConsumer Emotional Intelligence: Conceptualization, Measurement, and the Prediction of Consumer Decision Making11932 Words   |  48 Pagesthe CEIS. Participants were asked to read and sign a consent form and were provided with general instructions on how to enter password information in order to be administered the CEIS. Prior to receiving the instrument, participants were asked to report demographic information. To assess discriminant and nomological validity, scales measuring self-monitoring and compulsive consumption were administered (a discussion of the predicted relationships is contained in the next section). Self-monitoringRead MoreSolution Manual, Test Bank and Instructor Manuals34836 Words   |  140 Pages Camm, R. Kipp Martin (SM+TB) An Introduction to Mechanical Engineering, 3rd Edition _ Jonathan Wickert, Kemper Lewis (SM) An Introduction to Physical Science, 13th Edition _James T. Shipman, Jerry D. Wilson, Charles A. Higgins, Jr (IM+TB+IM for Lab Manual) An Introduction to Programming With C++, 6th Edition_Diane Zak (Solution files+Answer to Review Questions+IM) An Invitation to Social Research How Its Done, 4th Edition _ Emily Stier Adler, Roger Clark (IM) An Object-Oriented Approach toRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesstudents looking to save money. As an alternative to purchasing the print textbook, students can subscribe to the same content online and save up to 50 percent off the suggested list price of the print text. With a CourseSmart eTextbook, students can search the text, make notes online, print out reading assignments that incorporate lecture notes, and bookmark important passages for later review. For more information, or to subscribe to the CourseSmart eTextbook, visit www.coursesmart.com. Feedback

Proposal examining accounting fraud Free Essays

Background to the Study and Overall Research Aim: Deceitful accounting instances have ever been critical and prevalentissues in listed Chinese companies. In recent old ages, some Chinese companies have been embroiled in accounting dirts in Hong Kong stock market. Harmonizing to a Hong Kong Exchange study on 30 November 2013, there were 42 companies ’shares that had been suspended for more than three months. We will write a custom essay sample on Proposal examining accounting fraud or any similar topic only for you Order Now 17 out of 42 are under investigated officially for possible abnormalities. Listed Chinese companies have the possible to be embroiled with deceitful accounting. Fiscal statements reflect a company’s public presentation and it requires a series of cardinal and appropriate fiscal analysis. Due to its high importance, the cogency and truth of fiscal statements must be stressed. Additionally company directors have to describe to the proprietors of organisation and other related users such as Bankss and other loaners about the fiscal facets of their activities. Those trusting on external fiscal studies want to have the information that is qualified or has been audited in the studies to guarantee dependability. The usage of fiscal statements and its high significance thrust forces of originative actions. Nowadays, more and more companies use deceitful accounting to do company’s public presentation more attractive to investors. On the other manus, it provides more troubles for scrutinizing and consequences in impacting audit quality. Companies intentionally use deceitful accounting to misdirect stakeholders and stockholders. It is easy found out that some companies own good economic public presentation on the fiscal places but they go belly-up all of a sudden. If a company goes into bankruptcy, the stock can drop dramatically and frequently consequences in stop trading on the stock market. By and large, investors have to endure investing loss. Research Aims: The aim of this research is built up to reexamine the literature of accounting fraud in the fiscal statements, to analyze methods of accounting fraud. The most of import undertaking for this thesis is to happen out whether any indicatorsor forms of fraudin the fiscal statements of the listing companies. Theories will be compared to the truth in the instance survey of several companies in order to explicate those theories are good plenty to explicate the same groundss in the company. Initial Review of Relevant Literature: The literature reappraisal focuses on following parts: Definition of accounting fraud Causes of accounting fraud Overview of fraud techniques Consequences of accounting fraud Definition of accounting fraud Deceitful accounting is an knowing darnel, assorted uses of a company’s assets or its fiscal statement to profit vested involvement holder. It frequently includes complex techniques for misappropriate of assets, fail to describe liabilities, misapplying financess, exaggerating grosss and understating disbursals. In related to deceitful fiscal coverage, which is sometimes called originative accounting, window dressing and income smoothing, etc. However, some corporate deceitful accounting dirts have been argued that it is a series of sensible actions in position of net incomes direction instead than an knowing darnel, assorted embezzlements and uses. The differentiation between deceitful accounting and net incomes direction is the managerial purpose. If directors make alterations on fiscal statement to misdirect stockholders or stakeholders that rely on the statement about economic public presentation of the company to act upon outcomes, it can be judged as deceitful accounting. Causes of accounting fraud The complexness of accounting criterions is one of grounds why assorted deceitful dirts happen. Companies seek chances to take advantage of loopholes in bing accounting criterions although it is more elaborate. For illustration, Enron used complex contracts to film over the truth of company minutess for such a long clip. Fraud is committed by misapplying the accounting criterions that are expected to protect public involvements. Furthermore, wages of senior directors provides a genteelness land to accounting fraud. It is closely related to short-run public presentation of a company such as fillips, stock options and perverse inducements. These wagess create inducements to directors to farther manipulate fiscal statements under the force per unit areas although it is fraud. Overview of fraud techniques The fraud techniques are implemented on fiscal statements. Some major applications of fraud techniques are the followerss. Exaggeration of Gross Understatement of Expenses Tamper with Taxation Consequences of accounting fraud Research Methods: Justification and Description: This thesis chiefly collects secondary information which will be conducted to roll up and analyze through an scrutiny of a series of books, diaries, articles, one-year studies and professional organic structures. It is easier to obtain. Since there are many well-known instances about corporate deceitful accounting dirts, there are tonss of information and treatment available on articles and web sites that can be analysed from different positions. Furthermore, one-year studies of naming companies are easier to be obtained. In add-on to secondary informations, primary informations is harder to be found due to the nature of fiction truth by utilizing it. Information to be collected: How information will be collected: This thesis is traveling to follow trying as research method. Sampling method is the survey of selected samples from a population. The topics are easy controlled and more accurate than analyzing the whole population. Interesting correlativities may be found from few topics. Judgment samplingwhich is a nonprobability method and is frequently extension of convenience sampling will be adopted in this thesis. With nonprobability trying schemes, sample is selected based on judgement. The trying scheme should be chosen to choose research companies which are best able to accurately and meaningfully supply information to the study instrument. Therefore, the samples have to be chosen carefully and they are genuinely representative of the whole population when utilizing this method. A list of features of the elements in the sample needs to be determined. These trying standards are indispensable to organize of the sample in order to look at the fraudulent job. These standards include: Companies are listed Companies have one-year study which can supply fiscal statements for analysis Companies have groundss of reported fraud, such as published instances by SFC, HKICPA, HKEx, etc. Analysis Technique ( s ) : Correlation refers to the strength of a relationship between two variables. A weak correlativity means that the variables have a weak relationship with each other while a strong correlativity means that the variables are closely related. This correlativity analysis technique assumes that the variables are analyzed and measured by correlativity coefficient which is Thursdayvitamin EPearson’s R which measures as additive relationship. The correlativity coefficient can be calculated by taking the covariance of the two variables. The scope of Correlation coefficients can be represented from -1 to +1. For illustration, +1 represents an utmost positive correlativity while -1represents an utmost negative correlativity. 0 represents that there is no relationship between the variables being tested. How to cite Proposal examining accounting fraud, Essay examples

International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology

Questions: Task1 a) Critically discuss stages of system development lifecycle b) Discuss the most appropriate uses of different development lifecycle modelsc) Create feasibility report for Dawn Blockbuster and justify the investment will improve the functionality of organisation d) Evaluate the Impact of different feasibility criteria in systems investigationTask 2a) Undertake a system investigation based on the above scenario and produce a questionnaire to support your system development.b) Using appropriate systems analysis tools I. Draw a level one data flow diagram for the above management system.II. Draw an entity relationship diagram for the above management system.c) Briefly write the documentation for your investigation of Dawn Blockbuster.d) Briefly discuss and evaluate user and systems requirements of Dawn Blockbuster. Answers: Introduction: Dawn Blockbuster is one of the best movie rental providers. Netfix and Redbox are one of its strong competitors. It acquires a huge part of customers and therefore had to suffer with heavy traffic. The new customers who want to be its part have to wait for a long time for the registration process as day by day its customers are increasing unanimously. So it has to face a lot problem and difficulties because handling of so many databases is not easy work. But by using a perfect System Development Lifecycle model these issues could be resolved. Further considering the assignment the Waterfall model of system development lifecycle is proposed. 1. Stages of System Development Lifecycle: The system development lifecycle is a series of different stages with different strategies to analyze, design, construct, implementing innovations to handle heavy traffic and maintaining co-ordination (R.2014). Movie rental stores might have to face problems regarding resource and traffic. However, the SDLC part includes following stages Figure 1: System Development Lifecycle Planning: During this phase the main objective of the project is determined and after that product requirements are considered. A cost estimation chart is prepared which includes personnel and costs along with estimation for new products as per demand. The manpower is estimated as per customers requirement. Analysis: The analysis phase provides an approx estimation of requirements considering the end - users. Also, future strategy and operations regarding increment or decrement are analyzed. The project team prepares and handover a blueprint considering all the requirements of the client and management and take a step forward with the system. Now the design part is also important because Design: This is the architectural part of the system designing (Ahmed et al.2015). The flow design of a movie rental store should be such that it includes available sections of its DVDs collection, Different Category wise divisions (like Animation based, Action, and Comedy, etc.) so that the customer easily could find out as per their requirements. There should be a customer category division as their registration time that enables one to find customer details and make the process easy in updating transaction details of a particular customer. This design strategy is very helpful for the systems facing problem due to heavy traffic. Construction: After finishing design estimation the execution part of the SDLC starts. Here the developers execute the plans prescribed in the design part. The database design is created considering the future traffic so that it remains easy when new client or customer requests their desire to join the project. During construction test, a sample is created and revised as many times as required to refine the procedure. Test: During test stage all plans and strategies and tested that they are working properly or not to maintain the daily transactions, new entries, and heavy traffic. Testing examine the system for integration of older version with that of the new versions keeping upcoming in mind. However, the vital task of a testing stage is to verify that the system contains all the requirements of the end users, testing of integration of older and newer versions. Rollout: Rollout occurs when the customer has requested for any transaction or order, but before completion he got information about something new, upgraded or latest version and wanted to cancel the previous order. So rollout enables customers to receive the latest version of system product as an update and full-scale conversation (Liu, 2013). After rollback, the administration of the system receive feedback from the customers and try to improvise the issues as per required. Now the system development lifecycle includes different methods regarding different organizational projects and works. Some of these are as follow- Waterfall model Spiral model Iterative model Agile Model V- Model Rad model 2. Appropriate model for system: From the above question, analyst decides that the waterfall model is mostly appropriate for developing the system. The Dawn Blockbuster which is a biggest movie rental in London has not any proper system to process the overall job without mistake and problem (Allelein et al. 2012). For this system needs to be totally full planned, maintained and throughout designed. In the above questioned analyst description and design should totally follow the waterfall model to avoid heavy traffic and collision keeping co-ordination. The first process which is introduced to design the life cycle of any system software is water fall model as proposed. It is simple to understand and use. It has no overlapping process in its total life cycle from beginning to end. For approaches the process of software development, it is launched very earlier (Carone et al.,2015). Waterfall model is the first widely use SDLC model in the software engineering which got a lot of success on project. Following the waterfall models diagram is drawn. Fig: Water fall model Analysis of the requirement: In this phase all the requirements which are possible in the system are analyzed. These requirements are needed to develop the life cycle system design. Design of the system: Design is the architectural phase for a system design. The processing data flow is developed by based on the first phase of waterfall models life cycle. In this phase system is designed by the charts, dataflow structure, logical term and condition etc. which are the mostly base requirements for designing the system. For specifying hardware, requirements of the system and also for defining the overall architecture of the system, system design is very much helpful. Implementation the system: In this phase developer develops the code to design the system. During this phase, the plans are executed by the developer after which it is laid out. Firstly, in the implementation phase developer develops the code in small unit or programs. Next database, over all code for the process and the actual whole system is designed by the developer. In the phase of construction or the implementation, prepared the test data and the required code is process completely for ready to test. Test: All the programs those are developed in the construction phase are tested. Firstly unit testing is done that means the codes are tested each unit. After unit testing or the unit testing the whole system is needed to test for detect any error or failure. After system testing, the tester overcomes the failure of the system. Maintenance: After overcoming the failure of the system maintenance is the most important part. Sometime there faced some issues. Those issues are mainly coming up from the clients side. To enhance the future scope the system need to maintain properly. The maintenance is needed to do the customer side as well as the organisation side. The situations where waterfall model can be used efficiently are- The requirements are well structured, fixed and cleared. The definition is stabled. Its technology is easy to understand and it is static. There have no any requirements which are ambiguous. The requirement resources are available to support and develop the project. The project became short if it follows the waterfall model. 3. Evaluation of the different feasibility criteria in system investigation: In this part, analyst discuss about the different possibilities and the importance of the water fall model. Mainly, discursion is all about the advantages and the importance of that model. In that case, Dawn Blockbuster has some problem which is faced mainly by store staff and the members of the rental. Previously, analyst discussed about the entire things of waterfall model. Importance of waterfall model: The waterfall model is one of the mature and most primitive development methods. For the appropriate certification, analyzed data are required which would help for further development. In case of design, each store staff works separately and allocates members for development. Another importance of this model is performance. Basically, operational part is transformed in device language and store in computer which is easy for staff as well as members for further development (Zhang et al., 2013). Error free method is one of the main elements of the model. Different tools, various strategies are used in this model for helping the staff and the members. In the model, effective staff is much needed and increased the membership fees which will help the financially for future prospect of the company. Advantage of the waterfall model: This is very simple model which understands for all classes staff and its helped the members. Minimum income is required for this model. Substantial progress is believed by the staff and the members of the rental. It has extremely visible. In work place, mental factors are also play a critical role for development. In case of waterfall model, it is very simple for staff to work under this process. After each section, output is visible and easy to handle those things by staff and members. For each section, deadline will be fixed for members to submit their books and cards in the time. Time to time, appraise can be done by staffs. The entire things are maintained by this model and set a goal for the deadline of cards. To develop the system of Dawn Blockbuster, this model is important to develop rather than disorganized methods. This model is very much preferable as well as important for staff and members. 4. Feasibility reports for Dawn Blockbuster: Dawn Blockbuster is the main movies letting in London. There are some problems occur in this situation. In this section, analyst makes analysis about the main problems. If a member scrounges three DVDs against three cards from the store, that person will not get extra DVDs from stores. If a member fails to return those DVDs on the specific deadline, then those members are chargeable for that. There are many problems occurs about the cards (Du et al., 2012). When a member or store staffs loses the cards, it will be difficult to check those problems because there is no database system for saving those data in regular basis. In that case, database must be needed for the members as well as staffs. Sometimes, DVD status must be needed for the store staff for issuing the cards. In the corporal system, searching about status is very hard work for every staff. Then, management require the entire reports of DVDs in terms of status, numbers, accounts etc. This is awaked job for staff. 5. Functionality for investment improvement: Analyst works on this topic and improving the whole problem in step by steps. Firstly, database will be made for staff and the members of the store for contain all the details of the DVDs such as numbers, status, dates etc. Many areas have been improved such as cards issue, deadline issues and others. In the case of cards issue, if a card is lost then no money will be paid for that from the staff or the members of the stores. Database will be assigned for helping the management system of Dawn Blockbuster. 6.System investigation: When the new SDLC system introduced into the Dawn Blockbuster, Usually, it is intended to brace the job execute by the rental. The new system is fully dependent on the executed system. The system is handled with the information and also maintain the functions (Sun, 2014). The aim of the system is remained unchanged. The new system design provided by the analysis of the existing system. The other reasons of the system investigation are, From the system investigation, an investigator can determine the future scope of the system. The investigator can evaluate the complexity of the system. Then the developer can overcome the complexity to growth the system quality. In the system, the information is necessary to plan the project and allocated the required resources. System investigation is very important to increase the members confidence. Some aspects of the system investigation are The data and operation of the system are easy to understand among all the members. It is needed to determine what is the problem and then how overcome the problem. The Dawn Blockbuster needs to determine the boundary of the system for developing the growth of the profit. 7. a)The data flow diagram for the above management system. 7.b)An entity relationship diagram for the above management system 8. Investigation Report: Analyst discuss about the full documentation of Dawn blockbuster under the waterfall model. Analyst investigates the entire problem and discusses about the solution. Analyst analyses on the issues and draw a proper model for that. The entire requirement which will be required for the development of the store management. Then, a design is needed for the store and implement those elements in a proper ways. Many things like customers id, numbers, publishers name, movie name, language, cast etc. DVDs has also some elements which are store details, financial details, suppliers details etc. Those elements are tested in proper way and implemented in particular place. Lastly, maintain all those elements and control whole system with the help of water fall model. Each store staff works separately and allocates members for development. Firstly, the store needs a database management system for the entire staff and the members who are registered. In this database, staffs needs to allocate total amount of data which is basically based on the DVDs price, number, name, title etc. There is also publisher, members and Brower who has lots of documents which is also assigns in the database for the helps of the management of Dawn Blockbuster. If many number of members come together at a time for borrow the DVDs then staffs mind feel haphazard, members do not get the proper DVDs. In that case, management should recruit more amounts of staff for avoiding the haphazard situation. Effective staff is much needed and increased the membership fees which will help the financially for future prospect of the company. The total amount of fees of per cards which is lost by members creates a big issue for management. In that case, if member do not pay the amount for the issue, it will be much more benefited for the management of that store. Staff fess should be increased and allocates more amounts of staff for handling the entire members. A proper deadline should be maintained for all members and staff who borrow the DVDs. 9. Requirements of User and the System: From the above discussion, it is clear that after ER modelling activities such as entity and attribute relationship and verification of all the stages takes place in a sequential manner. The ER diagram should be fully clarified to give a perfect scenario of all the works that will be performed in the movie rental store (Liu et al.,2014). All customers and employees should be defined in a data dictionary, which is used in the normalization process to help in elimination of the anomalies and redundancy problems. Along with Waterfall model, the store should use a strong Database Management System (DBMS) that makes the system reliable for every changes and update and avoid collisions. During the modelling process, the system, as well as the system design, must contains- The Proper definition of the entity (Customer, publisher), attributes (Name, Id, address) with appropriate primary key and foreign keys (Category). A proper way to make decisions regarding new entries keeping in mind that end-users do not arise objection. Make the decision regarding treatment of multivalued and composite attributes of customers and adding them to satisfy requirements that are already processing. Avoid ternary relationships that are not needed. It should acquire all data elements in the database. Now, the customers mostly attracted due to new and upgraded collections that are launching day by day. So the shop honour must have good contacts with more publishers of different type of categories. It enables to increase the attraction of the customers to the rental shop (Gillespie et al., 2012).. After getting the appropriate material as per demand, the system needs a simple structure (Waterfall model structure) and process so that the customer does not feel it complex when being one of its parts and borrowing DVDs. The model that is proposed makes the system reliable to apply these requirements. Considering the proposed ER model and DFD the system design should be such that there should be wise category divisions in the store considering different customers different interest of fields that would enable them to find their requirements (Khemprasit and Esichaikul, 2015). The system should collect certain caution money as required from the new registered customers at the time of reg istration and it should be returned when customer ends all the transaction and want to erase their registration from the database of the store. The customer should also follow the system rules to work the system of the store properly and efficiently. Like the customer should return the DVDs borrowed in time otherwise they have to pay late fine automatically by deducting from the caution money. Using the proposed SDLC model and a strong database management system provides the store to be free from complexity, reliability, reduction of the collision, easy way to add new entries and strong systemization between customers and system. The good systematic work would help the system for increasing the registration charge as per services providing. Thus by this strategy the store would be benefitted as well as the customers too (Khemprasit and Esichaikul, 2015).. Good service attracts Conclusion: The proposed architectural model (Waterfall Model) had already been used by most of the systems that are still working efficiently (Ma, 2014). In the given system, the waterfall model would enable the system to overcome the heavy load as well as problems of co-ordination between the customers and the system administration. The strong Database system reduces the problem of updating the details of the customers at every step. The database remains such that it is linked internally with attributes of the entity and therefore automatically the information gets updated entirely regarding the entity (customer) while making the change at one place. The waterfall model would make the Dawn Blockbuster system very efficient for processing of all the works and in applying innovations in different interest areas when needed expansion. In this way, the Store would be benefitted to expand its area and also in making a limited number of new registrations each month as they wanted (Yushui and Jianjun , (2013). References: R. (2014). DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF WORM PAIR USED IN SELF-LOCKING SYSTEM WITH DEVELOPMENT OF MANUAL CLUTCH. International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, 03(08), pp.427-433. Ahmed Abdelbary, A., Elsayed, I. and Hassen Elshafeey, A. (2015). Design and development of novel lipid based gastroretentive delivery system: response surface analysis, in-vivo imaging and pharmacokinetic study. Drug Delivery, 22(1), pp.37-49. Allelein, H., Kasselmann, S., Xhonneux, A. and Herber, S. (2012). Progress on the development of a fully integrated HTR code package. Nuclear Engineering and Design, 251, pp.400-406. Carone, C., Erlich, J., Sensharma, A. and Wang, Z. (2015). Two-field axion-monodromy hybrid inflation model: Dantes Waterfall. Physical Review D, 91(4). Du, Q. (2012). The Analysis and Design of Internet Course Teaching System for Operation System. AMM, 239-240, pp.1637-1640. Ge, J. (2012). The Design and Realization of Visual Education System for Bridge Structure Analysis. Energy Procedia, 17, pp.1885-1890. Gillespie, PhD, MA, RN, T. (2012). Understanding Waterfall Plots. Journal of the Advanced Practitioner in Oncology, 3(2). Hong-mei, S. and Rui-sheng, J. (2012). Research on the Analysis and Design of General Test Database Management System. Procedia Engineering, 29, pp.489-493. Khemprasit, J. and Esichaikul, V. (2015). Design and implementation of a mobile crime analysis and monitoring system (MCAM) based on service-oriented architecture (SOA). Information Development. KIKUCHI, T. and KOBAYASHI, K. (2011). Design and Development of Cylindrical MR Fluid Brake with Multi-Coil Structure. Journal of System Design and Dynamics, 5(7), pp.1471-1484. Li, W. and Han, G. (2011). Design on Highway Information Publishing System and Benefit Analysis of Traffic Control System. Advanced Engineering Forum, 1, pp.343-347. Liu, J. (2013). The Assessment Agent System: design, development, and evaluation. Education Tech Research Dev, 61(2), pp.197-215. Liu, J., Xia, H. and Zhang, H. (2014). A Research into the UML Legend in the Waterfall Model Development. AMM, 519-520, pp.320-326. Ma, J. (2014). Smart Electric Car System Design Feasibility Analysis. AMR, 971-973, pp.718-721. Sun, Z. (2014). Design and Development of Online Advertising Budget Analysis and Optimization of Delivery System. AMM, 556-562, pp.3438-3441. Yushui, G. and Jianjun, S. (2013). Enterprise Business Processes System Analysis and Design. IJHIT, 6(6), pp.281-290. Zhang, C., Zhang, T., Chen, N. and Jin, T. (2013). Reliability modeling and analysis for a novel design of modular converter system of wind turbines. Reliability Engineering System Safety, 111, pp.86-94.

Do We Have a Moral Obligation To Assist those in Need Essays

LD Aff Case Nov-Dec ?Most men have always wanted as much as they could get; and possession has always blunted the fine edge of their altruism.? It is because I believe in the wise words of Katherine Fullerton Gerould that I stand in full affirmation of the resolution at hand. Definitions (all by Merriam Webster?s) Individual: a particular being or thing as distinguished from a class, species, or collection: as; a single human being as contrasted with a social group or institution Moral: of or relating to principles of right and wrong in behavior Obligation: the action of obligating oneself to a course of action Assist: to give usually supplementary support or aid to Need: a physiological or psychological requirement for the well-being of an organism Utilitarianism: The greatest good for the greatest amount of people. a doctrine that the useful is the good and that the determining consideration of right conduct should be the usefulness of its consequences; specifically: a theory that the aim of action should be the largest possible balance of pleasure over pain or the greatest happiness of the greatest number Unity: the quality or state of not being multiple RESOLVED: Individuals have a moral obligation to assist people in need. Value Morality: a doctrine or system of moral conduct; conformity to ideals of right human conduct; a moral discourse, statement, or lesson Value Criterion Altruism: unselfish regard for or devotion to the welfare of others. Contention 1: In order for a society to thrive as a whole, individuals must prioritize the society?s needs in front of their own. According to Auguste Comte, a French philosopher and the founder of the idea of positivism, the first rule/principle of morality is the supremacy of the regulative needs of society over those self-regarding human instincts that come into play. In other words, place others in front of you. It really doesn?t make much sense concerning the benefit of our own survival, but when a society is stronger, it is able to provide more help and necessary physical or psychological help to those individuals who are in need. This is a small-scale indirect example of reverse psychology, because: 1) If you prioritize society, it will prioritize you 2) You lose something, no matter how small, when you help society?s members in need, whether it be food, money, time, or anything else. 3) After gaining what it needed from you, the member of society will repay you back what you lost if you are in need. Warrant-A direct example and proof of this would be the checks and balance system we use in the US today. Contention 2: Answers the Question: Why should we assume that all of this gaining/repaying is really going to happen? If the issues of the society and its members in need are acted upon by those with the necessary means to solve these issues, naturally they would receive the same treatment due to our innate nature. Innate Nature- the sense of right in wrong naturally existing in one since birth; inborn; native. Innate nature has been proven by scientists to be the ultimate ideology of ethics. a. In a studies done by Jean Henri Fabre and B.F. Skinner on babies and their psychological impacted minds in the late 1920s (proving this to be a withstanding theory), Fabre and Skinner concluded that humans can ?feel? a common, universal, centralizing good when they are born. They all act the same, feel the same, and basically follow this ideal moral standard. They don?t have self-interest; they have a need for survival and inherent feeling of ?good?. b. If we are all born ?good?, then why are some of us bad? Proven in a highly developed experiment in the 1950s by Italian scientists Konrad Lorenz and Nikolaas Tinbergen, we learn all our behavior and are immediately corrupted by: our parents?, friends?, teachers?, and other authoritarian figures? teachings, of our inherent goodness. We lose most of our hope to achieving a civil society because of the biased beliefs instilled in us by these figures. Also, subliminally, this goodness still lives within us, whether it be in our ?conscience?, sense of good and evil, or just our way of thinking. c. How does this tie in? It ties in because basically, this proves why society is ultimately going to give back to those who contribute

The Collective Action Problem of National Health Care essays

The Collective Action Problem of National Health Care essays When societies come together to form governing organizations the goal is to provide a means to deal with public goods. The most basic of these being stability and security for its masses, but as a nation grows its governing bodys obligation does as well. As the nations responsibilities grow the problem of collective action a rises. In this paper health care will be the public good in focus, and how the United States, Canada, and Germany each deal with the disbursement of this public good. A critique of each will be done with three approaches to the collective action problem as the guide. These three outlooks are Thomas Hobbes Leviathan, the anarchistic solution, and the entrepreneurial solution. These will help us review each of the three chosen nations' methods of distributing health care to its citizens and which one works the best. The first country that we will look at is Germany. Germany has a strong tradition of state funded health care for its citizens. The health care system of Germany was established 115 years ago on the heels of the industrial revolution of the 19th century. Having the oldest state run health care program, the German system has changed through out the years, yet has been able to adapt to the times. The German system covers 90% of the population, with the other 10% choosing private forms of health care (Tutuncu p.1). This system covers unlimited ambulatory physician care including home visits, unlimited hospital care with minor copayments, maternity care, prescription of drugs with unlimited copayments, medical supplies and devices, preventive care, family planning, rehabilitative services, and periodic rest cures at certified health spas. The German plan also includes dental care including routine preventive care, restorative care, periodontal services, dentures and other prostheses and orthodontia, optical services (including glasses), and ambulance tra...

Nursing shortage in Canada Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Nursing shortage in Canada - Essay Example This paper is going to critical examine the nursing shortage facing Canada at present. Canada is going through a nursing crisis; this is an observation being expressed by many people across the country, by the public and the health managers. Where as, there are various perspectives to explain the situation, there is a general concurrence that the present shortage on nurses is worsening and should be addressed, before it leads to poor provision of health care in the country. There is every reason why the nursing profession should be an attractive profession of choice. McIntyre & Thomlinson (2003), states that the profession of nursing has the elements to being a fulfilling and exciting lifetime career of choice, providing challenging and different practice opportunities. Nursing profession allows for flexibility of job employment and gives a chance for a balanced work and family life. It provides endless opportunities in education, research, administration and a lot more. Yet in Canada, fewer students are enrolling for this profession contributing to the shortage. (McIntyre & Thomlinson, 2003) The barrier of solving the problem has been lack of proper health policies that can address the situation. Failure of stakeholders coming up with ways to address the problem and creating good attractive conditions to retain the nurses in the profession from moving have highly contributed to persistence of this problem Nature of the issue; what makes this issue a nursing issue Studies reveal that, some nurses in Canada are simply not taking up their jobs of nursing and opting to stay back home waiting for full time jobs. It has also been observed that the rate of absenteeism has increased reducing the number of nurses availing for patients. This has continued to contribute to the problem of shortage of nurses in the country. A related alarm is the rate of nurse graduates leaving the country to work else where after graduating, this also have contributed to the shortage of the nurses in the country. (Canadian Nurses Association, 2005) The healthcare is facing a nursing shortage that is as a result of workforce related issue. In Canada there is basically less nursing care funded hours yet there are too many nursing needs. This has resulted to those nurses available being overworked and stressed, this is the main problem. The current shortage of nurses is mainly also caused by the following factors; 1. A real present shortage of available nurses that is limited number of available seats for nurses in education programs and also a nursing workforce that is aging. 2. Human resources management aspects which, makes it difficult to exploit fully on the productivity of the available nurses. These aspects are high overtime, high level of part-time, high absenteeism increased number of tasks that are no-nursing and limited range of practice. 3. Limited funds allocated to hire the required number of nurses who are needed to deliver appropriate care services needed. (Canadian Nurses Association, 2005) Working in the concept of rising acuity, complexity and intensity of patient care surroundings and an corrosion of leadership in nursing themselves resulting from the effects of downsizing witnessed in the 1990s, the above three factors are the root cause of nursing shortage in Canada that is being

Law Of The Workplace Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Law Of The Workplace - Case Study Example t and should therefore be viewed as such. To this end, Dillon L.J was quoted as saying: I have no hesitation in concluding that the relationship between a church and a minister of religion is not apt, in the absence of clear indications of a contrary intention in the document, to be regulated by a contract of service. I do not doubt that there probably are binding contracts between the Methodist Church and its ministers in relation to some ancillary matters, such as the compulsory superannuation scheme and the obligation, of which Mr. Parfitt told us, on trainees to repay a proportion of the expense of their training if they do not remain in the ministry for at least 10 years. These however are no part of the contract of service, either on reception into full connection or on appointment to a circuit, which Mr. Parfitt seeks to set up. Page 183H. It is therefore in the light of the foregoing that the central focus of this paper is to conduct an exhaustive analysis of all the contending issues that have risen with the dawn of this case. The paper will be using theological and legal references to buttress points where they are essentially relevant for serving the purpose of the thematic framework of the essay. It should also be noted that whilst, the essay is cautious not to engage in too many technicalities that are perhaps beyond the scope of this essay, much of the theological and legal references will be made intermittently and in some instances it will be done concurrently in order to reduce verbosity and enhance simplicity for the comfort of the reader. According to the Employment Relations Act 1999 section 23, the government of the United Kingdom has being bestowed the power of employment and its rights to people and institutions who are not defined within the conventional group of employees. This category includes among others, office holders such as the clergy and ministers of religion, casual workers, agency workers, homeworkers and what have you. By this Act, it is not intended that an entirely new strand of labour force was being introduced. On the contrary, the thrust of this Act stipulates that this category of workers should be given the privilege of being a part of the rights mainstream employees enjoy. The Archbishops' Council of the Church of England gave a laudable contribution to a 2002 discussion document under the auspices of the Department for Trade & Industry concerning Employment Status that concerns Statutory Employment Rights. The Council said "the clergy are entitled to terms and conditions of service which adequately protect their rights, recognize their responsibilities and provide proper accountability arrangements." In the light of this a number of observers argued that some clergy men had an additional

Community assessment and analysis part ii Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Community assessment and analysis part ii - Essay Example The drug abuse problem can be addressed through the establishment of rehabilitation and counseling centers where the affected individuals can receive quality care. Nurses in the region can come up with mobile counseling projects which should cater for all people affected, regardless of their ethnicity. To deal with the problem of ineffective protection, there is need to set up programs that will ensure that the people of New Orleans have access to healthy food. Nurses, community workers and the area’s leaders should combine efforts in ensuring that vulnerable groups get nutritional services and that children who need vaccination to boost their immune systems can get it without a problem. Since most of the infrastructure in New Orleans was destroyed following hurricane Katrina, the hospitals are not sufficient for all people living there. It is the responsibility of healthcare providers, including nurses, to avail healthcare services to the people in any way possible. Mobile clinics can be established to ensure that people who cannot access healthcare facilities get the medication they need. Through the mobile health clinic program, more people will be able to have their illnesses treated and it will be possible for them to get back to their lives, thus reducing the cases of anxiety and stress that came after

Networking Design And Development

Networking Design And Development Every system developed or task that had been carried out needs a framework or method to follow as guideline in order to make sure of success implementation. Guideline of structured framework can help to manage and plan projects, to reduce the difficulties like failure to meet requirements, low quality, high operation cost, not meeting the estimated time, inefficient work, and expensive maintenance. In networking, the entire concept of designing a network is simplified through the use of planned or structured design methodologies. Structured design methodology is a set of distinct steps that help to guarantee that all of the essential tasks in the network design process are accomplished. In this presentation report, we were concentrating on three major topics on development and implementation framework; System development Life cycle (SDLC), PDIOO (acronym of Planning, Design, Implementation, Operation and Optimization) and PPDIOO (enhanced version of PDIOO). System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) The Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is framework that describes the activities executed at each stage of a software development project. It is also a theoretical model used in project administration that describes the phases involved in an information system development project from an initial possibility study through maintenance of the completed application. System life cycle models describe phases of the system cycle, Figure 1 and the order in which those phases are executed. There are different phases for SDLC and the following are the main phases of it. Figure SDLC Cycle Phases of SDLC model Project planning phase During this phase, resources will be acknowledged and cost will be estimated in order to succeed project objectives. Project planning is process of defining methods, scope, length and work for completion of a project. Requirements Definition phase Under this phase, the projects goal is determined and the functions are brought to focus. Gathering of information and analysis of the users requirement is also done in this phase. Design phase A sample structure of the entire project is created in this phase and all necessary data are gathered. This is where everything is put together and the actual design of the system is done. This is also where documentation such as the Maintenance Manual, Operations Manual, and Training Manual begin. This is also where some of the flaws in the original planning may appear and require some adjustment. Again, there is documentation and approval. Development phase The system is built. The software, hardware, and testing occur during the Development Stage. This is also the phase where the bugs are worked out of the system. Integration and Test phase This is the formal integration and testing of the system. Testing has been done on the development phase, but in the Integration and Testing Phase it is a formal, documented testing procedure, not only to assure that the system performs as designed, but testing the roll-out of the system. Installation and Acceptance phase After completing the testing phase, the completed system should be installed at the end user sites. Users will accept the system after all errors and bugs captured during the previous phases have been modified and repaired. SDLC Models There are various SDLC methodologies, Figure 2, have been developed to guide the processes involved including the waterfall model (the original SDLC method), rapid application development (RAD), prototype model, spiral model and many other models. Some models work better for specific types of projects, but in the final analysis, the most important factor for the success of a project may be how closely particular plan was followed. The image down shows some of SDLC models: Figure SDLC discussed in this report Waterfall Model Waterfall Model is the most common and classic of life cycle models, also referred to as a linear-sequential life cycle model. It is very simple to understand and use. In a waterfall model, Figure 3, each phase must be completed in its entirety before the next phase can begin. At the end of each phase, a review takes place to determine if the project is on the right path and whether or not to continue or discard the project. (Priya, 2008) Figure SDLC, Waterfall Model Phases of Process Requirements defines needed information, function, behaviour, performance and interfaces. Design data structures, software architecture, interface representations, algorithmic details. Implementation source code, database, user documentation, testing. Verification (testing): Brings all the pieces together into a special testing environment, then checks for errors and bugs. Maintenance System changed to reflect changing conditions. Advantages This model is very simple and easy to use and easy to manage due to the rigidity of the model each phase has specific deliverables and a review process. Phases are processed and completed one at a time. It works well for smaller projects where requirements are very well understood. (Priya, 2008) Disadvantages If there any adjustment scope during the life cycle can kill a project progress. No working software/product is produced until late during the life cycle. It has high amounts of risk and uncertainty. As far as the development concern, it is a poor model for complex and object-oriented projects. It is not suitable for long and on-going projects where requirements are at a moderate to high risk of changing. When to use the Waterfall Model It is going to be used when project requests are very well known and understandable. The product definition is stable and the technology is understood Figure SDLC, Prototype Model Prototype Figure 4 shows a Prototype Model. In this model, once the requirement analysis is done and the design for a prototype is made, the development process gets started. Once the prototype is created, it is given to the user for evaluation. The customer tests the package and gives his feed back to the developer who refines the product according to the customers exact expectation. Advantages Customers can see the system requirements as they are being gathered. The developers can learn from the customers. It proper to a more accurate end product and there will no unexpected requirements accommodated where it allows for flexible design and development. Disadvantages It has bad status for quick-and-dirty methods. The customer may want the prototype delivered. At the end of it, the process may continue forever. When to use the prototype Model When requirements are unstable or have to be clarified. And other thing, where project has to deal with development of user interfaces when it needs a short-lived demonstrations with information for the analysis and design portions of object-oriented development required to be presented. Spiral Cycle Model In the spiral cycle model, Figure 5, the concept is more on risk analysis. The spiral model has four phases which are Planning, Risk Analysis, Engineering and Evaluation. Requirements are gathered during the planning phase. In the risk analysis phase, a process is undertaken to identify risk and alternate solutions. A prototype is produced at the end of the risk analysis phase. Figure SDLC, Spiral Cycle Model Advantages It has a high amount of risk analysis which that kind of information is very useful to the project. Good for huge and mission-critical projects. Lastly, in software development, the product will be created early in the software life cycle. Disadvantages It can be an overpriced model to use and risk analysis requires highly specific expertise. The Projects success is highly hooked on on the risk analysis phase and it doesnt work well for smaller projects. When to use the Spiral Model When costs and risk evaluation is important and it is good for medium to high-risk projects. Spiral model is the best when users are unsure of their needs and requirements are complex. If dealing with a new product line, it significant changes are expected and the model ready to deal with it. Incremental Model The incremental model is a natural approach to the waterfall model. Figure 6 shows multiple development cycles take place, making the life cycle a multi-waterfall cycle. Cycles are divided up into smaller, more easily managed iterations. Each iteration passes through the requirements, design, implementation and testing phases. Figure SDLC, Incremental Model Advantages It generates working software quickly and early during the software life cycle. It provides more flexible less costly to change scope and requirements. And it is easier to test and debug during a smaller iteration. Furthermore, it is easier to manage risk because risky pieces are identified and handled during its iteration. Customer can respond to each build with lowers initial delivery cost. Initial product delivery is faster but the customers will get important functionality early. At last the risk of changing requirements is reduced. Disadvantages It requires a good planning and design and early definition of a complete and fully functional system to allow for the definition of increments. Sometimes, well-defined module interfaces are required (some will be developed long before others). Not forgotten, total cost of the complete system is not lower. When to use the Incremental Model Risk, funding, schedule, program complexity, or need for early realization of benefits. Most of the requirements are known up-front but are expected to evolve over time. This model needs to get basic functionality to the market early. It suitable on projects which have lengthy development schedules or a project with a new technology PDIOO Network Life Cycle Cisco uses a methodology known as PDIOO as part of designing networks ( Lamml Barkl, 2003). PDIOO is an acronym that describes some of the major elements in a network design process, namely: Planning Design Implementation Operation Optimization Figure PDIOO (Oppenheimer, 2004) But then cisco come out with a new enhanced concept called PPDIOO where the first P refers to PREPARE. In this paper, part of the phases in PDIOO is going to be explained in PPDIOO phases. PPDIOO Network Life Cycle PPDIOO is the improved PDIOO methodology composed by six (6) phases closely related to PDIOO rather than has one additional phase that is required by real life business of a company. Prepare Planning Design Implementation Operation Optimization Figure PDIOO (Oppenheimer, 2004) PPDIOO service lifecycle allows network design engineers and network planners to better manage large network installations. Cisco created this methodology to allow network engineers to better plan and meet business objectives. Why PPDIOO Model? The methodology created to reduce the total cost of network ownership while the company or organization adds some new technologies or upgrade the existing network (Semperboni, 2009). Increasing availability, Downtime can badly affect income and can reduce profitability through costs associated with the network staff having to troubleshoot and function in a reactive mode (Semperboni, 2009). To surge availability request to carefully planned redundancy, sound security, and scalability and also requires carefulness throughout the network lifecycle. To Improving business agility can be described as an organizations ability to respond rapidly to changing business or market conditions and adapt to the changing demands of its customers and the business environment Access speed: Speeding access to applications and services helps enable business agility. Availability targets are influenced by business goals. Targets are established early in the network lifecycle and achieved throughout it: a smooth, well-planned deployment helps minimize risk of downtime, and sound planning for day-to-day operations helps speed problem resolution. (Semperboni, 2009) Life Cycle Phases: The network design methodology composed by six phases (Cisco, 2008), Figure 9, closely related: prepare, plan, design, implement, operate, optimize. In this section we give you more details of each of the phases. Figure PPDIOO phases Prepare Business agility starts with preparation. The preparation phase is the discovery process to understand the business requirements gathering to build a business case and financial motivation to support the implementation of new technology (CiscoSystem, 2004). By expecting future needs and developing both a technology strategy and a high-level architecture to meet those needs (Cisco, 2008). In this phase we should know about: Business requirement development Consider and document the business requirements for end-user service delivery that support the technology investment. Business requirements development can help to: Make sound financial decisions by developing a business case that establishes the financial justification for making a technology change Establish a basis for developing a technology strategy Technology strategy development Analyse your business and service requirements and identify the Cisco advanced technologies that support them. Document a technology strategy. Technology strategy development can help to: Improve efficiency throughout the solution lifecycle by aligning your technology strategy to your business goals Meet end-user service-delivery requirements by identifying which advanced technologies can create a solution that can support them Operation Technology strategy development Create an operational strategy that defines the people, processes, and tools required to support the operations and management of the technology solution. Operations technology development can help to: Achieve business goals by aligning your operations strategy with your business and technical requirements Reduce on-going network operations costs by identifying the operational requirements for supporting the operation and management of the technology solution High Level Design Development Create a high-level conceptual architecture of your proposed system that addresses business and technical requirements and creates the foundation for system deployment. Include specifications for availability, capacity, and security to meet service requirements. High-level design development can help you to reduce rework during the design phase by identifying and validating required technologies and features early in the solution lifecycle. Business Case Development Prepare and present an executive-level business case that details the business and financial justification for migrating to the new technology solution. Include a detailed financial analysis, including capital and operational expenses, cost-to-benefit analysis, and projected return on investment. Business case development can help in make sound financial decisions by demonstrating: That the technology investment supports your business goals and high-level design The cost-to-benefit ratios of both adopting and not adopting the proposed solution Return on investment based on multiple investment criteria such as net payback period and internal rate of return Proof Concept Develop and conduct a proof-of-concept test to validate the high-level design. Identify design enhancements necessary to meet business and technical requirements. Proof of concept testing can help you reduce costly rework and project delays by identifying design enhancements necessary to meet your business and technical requirements before proceeding to detailed design Plan The network requirements are what you need to identify in the planning phase. (CiscoSystem, 2004). Important considerations for this phase include determining exactly where you plan to install the network, its objectives, and the types of services it will provide and to whom, etc. in this phase the existing network tests its network for security implementation or security vulnerability to ensure it will be able to assist with intruders and outside networks . In this phase the most important things is to ensure that the existing environment is carefully analysed before going to design phase. Development Project Management Provide for one or more project managers or program managers to manage the planning, design, and implementation of your deployment project. Develop and implement a project management plan, manage information and resources, and control change. Deployment project management can help to: Reduce risks by using proven project management methodologies and risk mitigation strategies Resolve problems quickly by managing information, facilitating collaboration, and escalating issues promptly and effectively Keep the project on track by managing and controlling change throughout the project lifecycle. System Readiness Assessment Prepare for your technology solution deployment by assessing the readiness of your existing system infrastructure to support a new technology. Analyse the physical and logical configuration of the network, systems availability, and systems capacity, quality of service, systems resiliency, security, and integration with existing platforms. Identify network and application modifications that should be made prior to implementation. Systems readiness assessment can help to: Improve the return on investment and speed migration by identifying and planning for necessary infrastructure changes as well as resources Reduce deployment costs by analysing gaps early in the planning process to determine what is needed to support the system Improve productivity by identifying and resolving gaps in service-level requirements associated with availability, capacity, and security specifications. Site Readiness Assessment Prepare for your technology solution deployment with a comprehensive site assessment that evaluates the readiness of your current facilities infrastructure to support the new technology. Identify any physical, environmental, and electrical modifications that should be made prior to implementation. Site readiness assessment can help to: Reduce deployment costs and delays by identifying facilities preparation requirements early in the planning process Reduce the risk of downtime caused by facilities-related problems. Operation Readiness Assessment Prepare for your technology solution deployment with a comprehensive operations assessment that evaluates the readiness of your current operations and network management infrastructure to support the new technology. Identify any changes to people, processes, and tools that should be made prior to implementation. Operations readiness assessment can help in: Effectively plan and budget for technology expenditures by gauging operational preparedness and ability to support current and planned network technologies and services Avoid downtime by enhancing readiness to operate and manage technologies and services Reduce network operations costs by identifying the operational changes required to support the operation and management of the technology solution Improve IT staff productivity by identifying high-demand repeatable tasks that can be automated. Security Vulnerability Protect your network from inside and outside intruders by assessing system, application, and network device vulnerabilities. Safely simulate activities typical of attacks on your network, without affecting your network. Recommend changes that should be made to the network to help prevent security breaches and reduce risk of attack. Security vulnerability assessment can help to: Mitigate network security threats by limiting their ability to do damage Reduce the downtime, business disruption, and costs associated with viruses and worms, information theft, application abuse, and denial-of-service attacks Improve the overall security state of the corporate trusted network and the systems and information within it by identifying changes to address vulnerabilities Prevent attacks from external sources and mistakes made by trusted insiders from resulting in security breaches Support regulatory compliance by demonstrating that adequate security measures are in place to protect sensitive information assets. Design In this phase, the network designers should make a design aligned with business goals and technical requirements can improve network performance while supporting high availability, reliability, security, and scalability, according to requirements gathered during the Plan phase (CiscoSystem, 2004). Also by developing detailed design is important to reduce the risk, delay and the total cost of network operation. The design phase can also guide and accelerate successful implementation with a plan to stage, configure, test, and validate network operations. Application Development: Prepare for a new technology deployment by planning and developing custom applications for the technology to support feature and functionality requirements, and to enable the applications to integrate with your existing network infrastructure. Applications development can help to: Reduce risk when integrating a new technology system into your existing infrastructure by using a proven applications development methodology Speed migration by providing a detailed development, integration, and test plan that addresses such elements as customized scripts, reporting, and database design Detailed design development Develop an in-depth, implementation-ready detailed design for your new system. Derive the design from availability, capacity, reliability, security, scalability, and performance specifications that align with your business and technical requirements. Detailed design development can help to: Reduce expensive, time-consuming network redesign by creating a well-engineered design early in the network lifecycle Increase system or solution performance, resiliency, and availability by specifying the correct set of hardware, software releases, and hardware and software features and functionality Improve deployment team and operations staff proficiency by providing continuous knowledge exchange throughout design development Accelerate adoption of new technologies and improve return on investment by integrating your technical requirements and business goals into a detailed design. Staging plan development Develop a step-by-step plan for staging the configuration, implementation, and connectivity testing of the technology system or solution in a controlled environment that emulates, but does not affect, your production network. Staging plan development can help to: Reduce delays and other problems during staging with a detailed plan that addresses staging requirements including physical, electrical, and environmental conditions on the site; network hardware and software; and third-party devices Accelerate staging plan creation by using industry leading practices and staging expertise Operation Implement Plan Development Develop an operations implementation plan detailing the tasks needed to deploy and commission the operations and network management system for the technology to be deployed. Include scheduling of priorities, resources, and responsibilities. Operations implementation plan development can help to: Reduce delays, disruption, and other problems by accurately estimating the time and resources required to implement new operations and network management systems Improve efficiency during the operations implementation phase by creating a plan that covers staging, tools, processes, task owners, configuration, testing, documentation, system user acceptance, and success criteria Staff Plan development Prepare your staff for a new technology deployment by using conventional instructional design methodologies to create a staff plan. Determine the technical activities and tasks required to support the system, measure the ability of functional groups to perform those tasks, and develop a curriculum plan to address skill and knowledge gaps. Staff plan development can help to: Reduce on-going operating costs by identifying proficiency issues that could affect staff productivity and performance Improve training effectiveness by comparing staff performance to industry leading practices and your standard operating procedures and defining a role-based curriculum to close any gaps in skill or knowledge Implement This phase begins, after the Design phase has been approved. In this phase activities are performed to ensure that the network is designed according to the design specifications without any difficulties or weakness. This phase the network will be implemented to ensure that the new infrastructure meet all the business requirements by installing, configuring, integrating, testing, and commissioning all systems Staging In this staging process, it will stage and test your new technology system in a controlled environment that does not affect your live network, as outlined in your predefined staging plan. Staging can help to improve efficiency and reduce costly delays and rework during implementation by identifying and resolving issues. Implementation Install, configure, and integrate the new technology system as specified in your implementation plan. Complete predefined test cases. And need to document all the components, devices, and applications used. Implementation can help to: Successfully deploy the new technology system by following an in-depth, detailed implementation process based on leading practices Realize business and technical goals of the new system by implementing it in accordance with recommendations made in the earlier phases of the lifecycle. Operation Implementation Install, configure, test, and commission the operations and network management system for the technology and deploying in accordance with operations implementation plan. Operations implementation can help to reduce network operating expenses by improving the efficiency of operations processes and tools. Migration Migration can help you to reduce risks such as downtime, delays, and the need for rework by following a thorough, detailed implementation process based on leading practices. System Acceptance testing Perform systems-level acceptance testing: objectively measure operability and functionality of the system you are deploying to verify that it meets your business and technical requirements and is ready for production. Document the test results. Systems acceptance testing can help you to speed migration; accelerate return on investment; and reduce unnecessary risk, including disruption, delays, rework, and other problems. These benefits are achieved by demonstrating that your newly deployed system or solution meets the operational, functional, and interface requirements defined in the system acceptance test plan. Business Readiness testing Test the readiness of existing network to support end-to-end business processes, including operations, management, and security processes, as outlined in business readiness test plan. Business readiness testing can help to reduce risk of downtime by testing your production networks operations and management business processes. Staff Training Staff training concerning managing or implementing development plan for workers skill and competency in the organisation. It is includes scheduling classes, creating the enrolment process, providing course materials, and managing training vendors. Staff training can help to: Increase overall productivity and reduce on-going operating costs through training designed to close the skill gaps that were identified in developing your staff plan Reduce downtime through expedited case handling and reduced mean time to resolution through training targeted to improve operational knowledge Improve training efficiency and effectiveness by applying the ideal combination of training methods and tools as needed to close skill gaps. Operate This phase is the last test of the effectiveness of the design before going to last phase. During this phase the operation team monitors the health of the network to improve service quality; reduce disruptions; mitigate outages; and maintain high availability, reliability, and security. This phase could be the longest phase in the network development life cycle to ensure that the infrastructure is well designed during all previous phases. System monitoring In this task, it will monitor, manage, and report on service-level metrics and abnormal events or trends that might adversely affect the availability, capacity, performance, and security of your system. Systems monitoring can help to: Improve service quality and reduce disruptions and outages by proactively monitoring system health Remediate system availability issues by tracking and assessing capacity, performance, utilization, and other service-level metrics. Incident management Manage and resolve real-time incidents with system components using an incident management process that creates and maintains a report of the status of an incident from isolation to closure. Incident management can help to: Restore normal service operation quickly by providing an in-depth incident management process that includes case management, investigation, and diagnosis; hardware and software replacement or updates; and service restoration, testing, and verification Reduce incident rates and increase network and/or application availability, reliability, and stability by providing software updates and upgrades as an on-going part of your network operations Problem management Manage and resolve recurring incidents using an in-depth problem management process that analyses incident trends to identify patterns and systemic conditions. Problem management can help you to reduce the risk of downtime and increase network and/or application availability, reliability, and stability. It delivers these benefits by analysing the root cause of recurring incidents and

Stopping by the Woods Essay example -- essays research papers

"Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening" is by far one of my favorite works of modern poetry. The pensive, unhurried mood of the poem is reflected with a calm rich imagery that creates a vivid mental picture. The simple words and rhyme scheme of the poem give it an easy flow, which adds to the tranquility of the piece. Every aspect of the poem builds off the others to put the mind into the calm of a winter evening. The first stanza of the poem is rather simple and provides the basis for the imagery. It mentions the woods and implies that they are located away from town and civilization "his house is in the village though". It also shows the easy pace that speaker is taking, having plenty of time to simply watch the falling snow. As I think about them, the words of the first stanza are not overtly somber, they do however through their order and the way they were chosen create a rather pensive mood. The second stanza provides a more in depth view of the imagery sketched out in the first; it also provides a more definite time and location. The first two lines of this stanza firmly place the reader rather deep in the woods and away from any dwelling. He is so far out in fact that his horse is puzzled by his actions. The next line gives a better image of the scene "Between the woods and frozen lake"; it seems to be a rather quiet and lonely place. The next line then provides that it is night...