Dear People of the World Essay Example for Free

Dear People of the World Essay This letter ought to be perused by somebody quite a while from now, in the year 2014. It is as of now 1984, I am a resident of Oceania a spot run by Big Brother and his kin. We are dealt with like zoo creatures, everything is controlled. I trust that you are perusing this in a free world, a reality where there is no Big Brother or Thought Police, an existence where newspeak is viewed as old talk, an existence where a tele screen is something that is utilized for amusement and not observation, a reality where you can say what you need and not what you should, an existence where the main thoughtcrime is keeping your musings suppressed like we need to do. This world has been misleadingly made for us and we cannot stand it any longer, something should be done; yet we are continually being viewed from above and controlled we cannot take care of business. I frequently dream about a reality where individuals can say what they need, where everything is green and no one is detainee of this falsehood any longer, I trust that your reality is that way. At the present time I am in harm's way, I could be being observed at this moment and it would be simply an issue of time until the idea police come, kick the entryway down and take me. In this world you cannot utter a word without being addressed or blamed for thought wrongdoing, I have lost numerous companions since they said what they thought. They reveal to us that â€Å"WAR IS PEACE, FREEDOM IS SLAVERY, IGNORANCE IS STRENGTH† here we dont have tranquility, we have everything except for harmony. We are not free we are captives of a framework that doesn't work. Obliviousness will never be quality, uninformed individuals are feeble they think everything that they are told. That is the reason I state that â€Å"WAR IS WAR, FREEDOM IS FREEDOM, IGNORANCE IS IGNORANCE† There is only a little gathering of individuals that figure as I do, there is only a little gathering of individuals that know about reality. Be that as it may, this gathering is getting littler and littler and there is no way around it since we are for the most part bering heard and we are on the whole being viewed. I accept that the future wont resemble this any longer, it will be free, individuals will have the option to go where they need when they need, they wont need to report each morning and consistently, they will eat where they need to eat and adore who they need to cherish. I realize I am by all account not the only one that is attempting to change this world, letters like this will be found by a wide range of individuals, since they have to think about their past. In the event that the reality where you live in is equivalent to mine it implies that it still too soon, leave this letter and continue, on the grounds that some time or another this will end.

INTRODUCERE IN ISTORIA SCRISULUI SI A CARTII Essays - Free Essays

INTRODUCERE IN ISTORIA SCRISULUI SI A CARTII Essays - Free Essays INTRODUCERE IN ISTORIA SCRISULUI SI A CARTII Vizite: ? Nota: ? i1s6se O FUGARA PRIVIRE ASUPRA MENIRII CUVANTULUI SCRIS La inceput de mileniu III se cuvine sa intoarcem privirile spre inceputurile civilizatiei umane pentru a ne pune cateva intrebari logice si mereu incitante. De ce scriu oamenii ? De cand scriu_? si Cum comunica ei prin scris ? Si daca facem in gand ocolul Terrei, am putea fi uimiti in fata imaginii unui adevarat Turn Babel al scrierilor ajunse pana la noi. Nu stim daca noi putem estima astazi cu exactitate feline de female horse este aportul scrierii ca tezaurizator al formelor de civilizatie si cultura lager omenirii, dar suntem siguri ca niciodata nu se va afla cate descoperiri s-au pierdut clamor cauza lipsei cuvantului scris in acele inceputuri brew timpului si cate se vor fi sters odata cu incendierile care au distrus atatea inventii incredintate de geniul omenesc viitorului prin litera asezata pe hartie.O incercare de a calcula measurement feline anume an ajuns la noi commotion ceea ce a creat Antichitatea a condus la concluzia ca in prezent detinem numai a patruzecea parte rac ket mostenirea vechii epoci. Nu vi se pare surprinzator de putin? Asa cum suntem siguri ca fara inventarea plugului, a rotii olarului, a strungului s I a razboiului de tesut nu ar fi inflorita azi marea industrie moderna, tot astfel putem sa fim incredintati ca fara nascocirea lui Gutenberg si fara ideea lui Marconi precursorii nostri, care trudind veac dupa veac au impins viata spre prezentul, pe care il traim in acest inceput de mileniu III, n-ar fi infruntat atat de eroic cerbiciile istoriei. De cand preistoria a lasat locul istoriei, oamenii au cautat metode pentru a nu da prada uitarii faptele mari beer timpului lor. Povestite copiilor si nepotilor, ele au trecut prin viu grai noise generatie in generatie. Dar pentru ca fiecare povestitor simtea nevoia sa adauge sau sa lase la o parte cate ceva noise cele ce el auzise narandu-se, ceea ce se transmitea depasea frontierele istoriei, devenind basm, legenda, balada sau epopee. Pentru a le da mai multa stralucire rapsozii le-au turnat in versuri. Astfel s-au inaltat acele unice monumente beer limbii si civilizatiei eline care sunt cantecele homerice, Iliada s I Odiseea, atata timp nescrise, circuland prin viu grai de la o generatie la alta. Atunci cand cuvantului I s-a simtit rostul de pastrator al cugetarii si sentimentelor umane, scrisul a si inceput sa fie plamadit in forme pe care fantezia fiecarei semintii a gasit-o potrivita intelegerii deal. Mai apoi, oamenii au descoperit mijlocul de a transmite posteritatii viata lor traita, iar ves tile lor aveau sa ajunga acolo unde vorba zisa liber nu putea razbate nestingherita de departarea in timp si spatiu. Astfel gandul cu ideile omului, simtirea cu emotiile deal aveau sa treaca fara vama de la un meridian la altul, de la un secol la altul. Inainte ca primul cuvant sa fi fost fixat prin scris, oare cu ce mijloace isi ajutau oamenii memoria? Cum comunicau intre ei printr-un alt fel de semne care au precedat scrisul ? Se crede ca, spre exemplu, ridicarea unor mormane de piatra, apoi an unor stele funerare, ca forme de a comunica o idee, ar fi fost primii pasi spre inventarea scrierii. Pana la noi a razbit pe calea traditiei populare obiceiul de a-ti face un gesture la batista ca sa-ti amintesti ca stii ca ai de implinit un proiect ori un comision. Este vorba in asemenea exemplificari doar de un basic al unor sisteme de comunicare, ce erau intrebuintate in epoca in care se trecea de la preistorie la istorie. Poate ca mataniile, inventate candva de catre calugarii budis ti si folosite pana astazi de catre catolici, nu sunt nici ele altceva decat niste precursoare beer scrisului. Ele ar putea face parte dintr-o preistorie an erei Gutenberg, aidoma semnelor casei, care se intrebuintau chiar ca iscalitura, cand proprietarul nu cunos tea scrisul, sau desenelor de pe stanci facute in epoca de piatra, ele marcand inceputul scrierilor in sisteme sintetice. Noise nevoia de a pastra si transmite unele amintiri s-au creat primele documente intocmite cu ajutorul scrierii pictografice sau ideografice intr-un sistem ce reda numai sensul general, fara a pastra insa textul precise. Inscriptiile ideografice se mai redacteaza s I astazi, respectandu-se o traditie

Endothermic and Exothermic Chemical Reactions

Endothermic and Exothermic Chemical Reactions Numerous synthetic responses discharge vitality as warmth, light, or sound. These are exothermic responses. Exothermic responses may happen precipitously and bring about higher haphazardness or entropy (ÃŽS 0ï » ¿) of the framework. They are signified by a negative warmth stream (heat is lost to the environmental factors) and abatement in enthalpy (ÃŽH 0). In the lab, exothermic responses produce heat or may even be touchy. There are other synthetic responses that must ingest vitality so as to continue. These are endothermic responses. Endothermic responses can't happen suddenly. Work must be done so as to get these responses to happen. At the point when endothermic responses retain vitality, a temperature drop is estimated during the response. Endothermic responses are portrayed by positive warmth stream (into the response) and an expansion in enthalpy (ÃŽH). Instances of Endothermic and Exothermic Processes Photosynthesis is a case of an endothermic compound response. In this procedure, plants utilize the vitality from the sun to change over carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. This response requires 15MJ of vitality (daylight) for each kilogram of glucose that is delivered: daylight 6CO2(g) H2O(l) C6H12O6(aq) 6O2(g) Different instances of endothermic procedures include: Dissolving ammonium chloride in waterCracking alkanesNucleosynthesis of components heavier than nickel in starsEvaporating fluid waterMelting ice A case of an exothermic response is the blend of sodium and chlorine to yield table salt. This response produces 411 kJ of vitality for every mole of salt that is created: Na(s) 0.5Cl2(s) NaCl(s) Different instances of exothermic procedures include: The thermite reactionA balance response (e.g., blending a corrosive and a base to frame a salt and water)Most polymerization reactionsCombustion of a fuelRespirationNuclear fissionCorrosion of metal (an oxidation reaction)Dissolving a corrosive in water Shows You Can Perform Numerous exothermic and endothermic responses include poisonous synthetic substances, outrageous warmth or cold, or untidy removal strategies. A case of a fast exothermic response is dissolving powdered clothing cleanser in your grasp with a touch of water. A case of a simple endothermic response is dissolving potassium chloride (sold as a salt substitute) in your grasp with water. These endothermic and exothermic exhibits are protected and simple: Energizing Exothermic Reactions to Try: Heat things up with one of these basic exothermic response demonstrations.Create an Endothermic Reaction: Some endothermic responses get sufficiently cold to cause frostbite. Heres a case of a response safe enough for children to touch.How to Create an Exothermic Chemical Reaction: Some exothermic responses produce blazes and get amazingly hot (like the thermite response). Here is a safe exothermic response that produces heat however wont light fires or cause a burn.Make Hot Ice From Vinegar and Baking Soda: Sodium acetic acid derivation or hot ice can be utilized as either an endothermic or exothermic response, contingent upon whether you are solidifying or liquefying the strong. Endothermic versus Exothermic Comparison Heres a fast synopsis of the contrasts among endothermic and exothermic responses: Endothermic Exothermic heat is assimilated (feels cold) heat is discharged (feels warm) vitality must be added for response to happen response happens suddenly clutter diminishes (ÃŽS 0) entropy builds (ÃŽS 0) increment in enthalpy (+ÃŽH) decline in enthalpy (- ÃŽH) Endergonic and Exergonic Reactions Endothermic and exothermic responses allude to the assimilation or arrival of warmth. There are different sorts of vitality which might be delivered or consumed by a concoction response. Models incorporate light and sound. When all is said in done, responses including vitality might be delegated endergonic or exergonic, An endothermic response is a case of an endergonic response. An exothermic response is a case of an exergonic response. Key Facts Endothermic and exothermic responses are compound responses that assimilate and discharge heat, respectively.A genuine case of an endothermic response is photosynthesis. Ignition is a case of an exothermic reaction.The arrangement of a response as endo-or exothermic relies upon the net warmth move. In some random response, heat is both assimilated and discharged. For instance, vitality must be contribution to an ignition response to begin it (lighting a fire with a match), however then more warmth is discharged than was required. Assets and Further Reading Qian, Y.†Z., et al. â€Å"Diverse Supernova Sources for the r†Process.† The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 494, no. 1, 10 Feb. 1998, pp. 285-296, doi:10.1086/305198.Yin, Xi, et al. â€Å"Self-Heating Approach to the Fast Production of Uniform Metal Nanostructures.† Chemistry of Nanomaterials for Energy, Biology and the sky is the limit from there, vol. 2, no. 1, 26 Aug. 2015, pp. 37-41, doi:10.1002/cnma.201500123.

The Globalization of Physician Assistants

As of 2019, the adoption of PAs has spread globally across a variety of health systems and at least fifteen countries have been in various stages of expansion of PA-like medical workers (nonphysician clinicians) that function under the supervision of a doctor. For a more complete and updated review of this topic please see my latest post:Physician Assistants (PAs) and Associates Around The World CanadaPhysician Assistants United KingdomPhysician Associates The NetherlandsPhysician Assistants LiberiaPhysician Assistants IndiaPhysician Associates GhanaPA Medical (Medical Assistant) SouthAfricaClinical Associates AustraliaPhysician Assistants Saudi ArabiaAssistant Physicians GermanyPhysician Assistants New ZealandPhysician Associates AfghanistanPhysician Assistants IsraelPhysician Assistants BulgariaPhysician Assistants IrelandPhysician Associates Many of these countries have American-trained PAs working as expatriates, and most are developing educationalprograms that produce a health care provider functioning as an addition to the doctor. Each country has made it's PA a distinct entity,with cultural and educational influences shaping their roles. Common denominators of these PAs are: they function as semi-autonomousclinicians under the direct supervision of a doctor and have roles that tend to complement those of the doctor. Historical observations suggestthe development of the PA profession in different countries tends to follow a similar path and that lessons learned from these nationsmay be useful in further expansion of the profession. Those countries mentioned above are just some of the countriesthat have recently recognized theprogress of PAs and have developedtheir own PA programs. Yet, assistantsto doctors and prototypes ofPAs are not new. Eastern Europeancountries such as Russia and Ukraine; Asian countries such asChina and Malaysia; much ofOceania (eg, Australia, New Guinea,Micronesia, Melanesia, andPolynesia); as well as parts of Africaand South America have employedmedical aides for decades. Even inthe United States, the AlaskanCommunity Health Aides project,inaugurated during World War II andcontinuing today, produces what canbe referred to as prototype PAs. Common Denominators Excluding the Netherlands, everycountry falls short of the desired3/1,000 doctor-to-population ratiothat is recommended by the WorldHealth Organization (WHO). Alluse English in the classroom,although for theNetherlands, English is a secondarylanguage. Table 1 shows the populationand doctor-to-population ratiosof these countries, as well as those ofthe United States for comparison. Canada, Australia, South Africa, have remote and/orwidely separated and sparse populations.In some countries, the size ordispersal of rural populations presentsformidable challenges to health caredelivery. Educational Development Education programs have developedin different ways and by differentmeans in the nations described here.The established PA programs in thesecountries range from 2 to 3 years inlength, with a didactic componentfollowed by a clinical component. Please see my full article with a breakdown of practice and education requirements in each of the above countries:Physician Assistants (PAs) and Associates Around The World You can also download and view a beautiful infographic of this comparison here. Resources:The Globalization of Physician Assistant's (PDF) You may also like -Physician Assistants (PAs) and Associates Around The World The contemporary physician assistant/associate (PA) movementbegan in North America and Africa in the mid-1960s. As of 2018, the adoption of PAs has spread globally across a variety of health systems and at least fifteen countries []The 10 Best Cities For PAs to Move to in 2018 In its 2018 ranking of best health care jobs,U.S. News and World Reportranked physician assistant second in best health care jobs and third in best jobs overall. PAs are undoubtedly in high demand. As of 2017, the U.S. Bureau of []Make a Difference Train the Next Generation of PAs in Sub-Saharan Africa as a Clinical Associates MentorNote:The Clinical Associates twinning partnerships in South Africa are made possible through the support of the US Presidents Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in South []

Health Care Delivery System in the United States - 1327 Words

Health Care Delivery System in the United States Diana Horton Trident University Health Care Delivery Systems MHA507 Dr. Thomas Esch January 19, 2013 Health Care Delivery System in the United States Introduction: The problem: Access to health care physically and financially, healthcare system in today’s society has failed to provide quality care for the U.S. Americans. There are so many ways that the system falls short in providing proper care. The healthcare is mainly based on the government to provide care for a particular group of people according to their income and not everyone has the same treatment, some having to pay for care through some type of insurance premium. When looking at this system of care, families are all†¦show more content†¦This would be balanced to assist families with affordable insurance and benefit the insurance market that would create a quality delivery system as well as cost efficient. The responsibilities to the family is following the guidelines and policy, maintaining their health by having their yearly check-ups, scheduling routine appointments to see their provider as necessary when a problem may arise and maintaining their ins urance coverage. The shared responsibilities is the insurance companies provide a stable plan that will improve the delivery system by making American families a priority with having access to a health care system in which quality care is provided and affordable to the family. Solution to health care expenditure, Preventive measures and promoting health can help with health care spending. Management of long –care diseases and establishing a good foundation with advance health technology well build better patient satisfaction, along with cost effectiveness. The reforms improvements values is not a routine step, many believe that the change in delivery systems may decrease the costs, but some feel that it should be more stable in costs by establishing guidelines that are more promising and effective. These guidelines and policies should be put in place to improve the health care system.(brennan, cafarella, kocot, mckethan, morrison, nguyen, shepherd and Williams,2009). Solut ion to quality of care,Show MoreRelatedHealth Care Delivery System in the United States1460 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States health care delivery system is comprised of a complex, unorganized and flawed health system, compared to that of Australia’s health care system. The four components of the inefficient system in the United States are categorized into a quad-functional model. Financing, insurance, deliver and payment are the four flawed components. Australia’s efficient and organized system is based on a national health system, which consists of one central agency; the government. The United StatesRead MoreHealth Care Delivery System Of The United States877 Words   |  4 PagesHealth Care Delivery System The health care delivery system of the United States is unique compared to the other developed countries. The health care system of United States relies on the development and implementation of new health care technology. The use of new technology in the field of health care will help to provide services with increased quality and efficacy (Shi Singh, 2015). The external forces affecting the provision of health care delivery also has an inevitable role in the functioningRead MoreHealth Care Delivery System During The United States1752 Words   |  8 PagesHealth Care Delivery System in the United States The whole world has issues with healthcare and how to provide care for all their citizens. The United States is currently in the process of making changes to its healthcare system. There are currently multiple types of health insurance in the United States. Today, I will address the health care insurance I have, its products, source of my insurance, my out-of-pocket expenses, the level of coverage I receive with my plan, the major limitations to myRead MoreAdministrations Health Care Delivery System in the United States688 Words   |  3 PagesExamine the Administrations Health Care Delivery System in the United States Over the last several years, a wide variety of health care organizations have been facing a number of challenges. This is because of pressures associated with: rising costs, increasing demands and larger numbers of patients. For many facilities this has created a situation where patient safety issues are often overlooked. This is because the staff is facing tremendous amounts of pressure, long hours and more patientsRead MoreHealth Care Delivery System Throughout The United States1891 Words   |  8 PagesHealth Care Delivery System in the United States Healthcare is a hot topic for all Americans and everyone has their own views on how the healthcare system should run. This includes the public and the politicians. Today we are going to address issues in the United States healthcare system including access to care for both physical and financial reasons, how payment for care runs the industry, and quality of care in the aspects of internal factors including: public insurance plans, and private insuranceRead MoreObservations And Analysis Of The United States Health Care Delivery System1403 Words   |  6 Pagesand analysis of the comparison: The Matrix tells that the US health care delivery system that (The process that enables people to receive health care or the provision of health care services to patients) is complex and massive, and despite the uniqueness of the US health care delivery system, but it lacks the universal access (no national health care program); therefore, not all population has continuous and comprehensive health care. Its mission is to have universal access with better quality.Read MoreHealth Care Systems Are Different In Every Country Around1603 Words   |  7 PagesHealth care systems are different in every country around the world. There are four main components that complete a health care delivery system, described by Shi and Singh (2015) as the quad-function model, which includes insurance, financing, payment and delivery of care (p. 5). Along with the components of the quad-function model it is important to analyze a countries access to care, their health outcomes and how public health is in tegrated into the health care delivery system. The United StatesRead MoreHealth Delivery System Of The United States1539 Words   |  7 PagesTutor: Date: Health delivery system in the US versus England The background of health delivery system in both US and England The health care system of the United States is different. This term means an act of offering patients health care services. In spite of the role of the federal government as the sole main player for the health care, no set of policies or national identity to guide the health care system. The majority of developed nations, unlike the United States, have nationwide health insuranceRead MoreHealth Care Vs. Healthcare System1052 Words   |  5 Pages Body system requires functioning well in order to be active to perform daily living activities. Unfortunately, there are many health related issues and diseases that have been serious challenges to human kind. Diseases such as cancer, HIV, chronic illnesses, unpredicted accidents, and many others have been unavoidable situation for some people. Each ethnicity groups also are genetically tied to a certain type of illnesses. Poverty and lack of education play a major role in these health issuesRead MoreTechnological Advances in the United S tates Healthcare1220 Words   |  5 PagesTechnological Advances Healthcare delivery in the United States has morphed through substantial changes over the years with most changes occurring as a result of technological advances in medicine. Though technological advances directly affect health care delivery in America, other factors affect it as well. As reported by Ball (2012), two of the earliest and most important technological advances that affected the system of health care delivery in the United States were the invention of the x-ray and

The Philosophy of Suicide Albert Camus vs. Arthur...

Suicide is, according to Sartre, â€Å"an opportunity to stake out our understanding of our essence as individuals in a godless world† (Stanford, 2004). Fundamentally, existentialism argues all individuals are free and therefore responsible for their actions. Thus, it is up to the individual to create an ethos of personal ideology, which is the only way one is able to rise above the human condition of suffering, death and finality (Guigon, 2001). Suicide is seen as the individual’s act of giving in to the absurdity of human life. In other words, when a human is unable to create meaning out of the absurdity that surrounds him or herself, her or she live the typical life of pain, suffering, death and thus make suicide a natural act of existence†¦show more content†¦Camus argues that even the healthy person will consider their own suicide because of the absurdity a person confronts in existence. On the contrary, Schopenhauer perceives that the absurdity of life is more limited than Camus because the absurdity of the human existence comes from intellect. Moreover, the more intellectual one is, the more capable they are of realizing the inherent absurdity of human existence (Guigon, 2001). Thus, according to Schopenhauer, the more intellectually-inclined person is the one who suffers the most from mere existence. Taking this one step further, it can be argued that those of higher intellectual abilities are more likely to commit suicide as they understand the philosophy behind the act (Schopenhauer, 1966). Furthermore, Schopenhauer claims that, â€Å"At best we might see our way through the absurdity, and achieve peace by denying the Will and the futile desires that are its most immediate manifestations.† (Solomon, 1988) Schopenhauer acknowledged that the Will is absurd and therefore it should be denied. Schopenhauer saw the human Will as a window to the world beh ind the representation, which he defined as thing-in-itself. According to Schopenhauer, the entire world is the representation of a single Will, of which the individual Wills are phenomena. Schopenhauer states: â€Å"The world as idea is a mirror which reflects the Will. In this mirror the will recognizes itself in ascending gradesShow MoreRelatedExistentialism vs Essentialism23287 Words   |  94 Pages------------------------------------------------- Essentialism vs. Existentialism Essentialism: A belief that things have a set of characteristics that make them what they are, amp; that the task of science and philosophy is their discovery amp; expression; the doctrine that essence is prior to existence While, Existentialism:A philosophical theory or approach, that emphasizes the existence of the individual person as a free amp; responsible

Strategic Management for Restructuring Strategy of Etihad Airlines

Question: Discuss about the case study Strategic Management Project for Restructuring Strategy of Etihad Airlines. Answer: Introduction: Etihad airways started its operation in 2003. It comes second, in the largest airlines in the United Arab Emirates. It is also the third largest in the Middle East. In the history of commercial aviation, it is one of the fastest growing airlines. The Etihad was formerly known as Gulf Air. Khalifa city is the head office of Etihad. It operates more than thousand flights a week. Peter Baumgartner is the CEO of the company. More than 25000 employee works for Etihad.On 2014, Etihad took 49% stake of Alitalia, the Italian flag carrier for over 500 million. Etihad is the former sponsor of the rugby union football team (Abu Dhabi) and the Abu Dhabi international marine sports club. The company has won more than thirty awards in a span of thirteen years. It belongs to the very few carriers that serve to all the six inhabited continents (Etihad Global 2016). Organization structure: Figure 1: Organizational Structure (Source: Al-Ali and Ahmad 2014 ) The organizational structure of Etihad airlines consists of a board of chairman, a board of vice chairman,executive vice president for different departments and senior vice president. Etihad Airways is led by HH SeikhHamed Bin Zayad Al Nahyan, who is the board of director and also the Vice chairman of the company. James Hogan, the former CEO of Gulf air is the president of the company. The board also has a group of seven independent (non executive) members and a couple of sub comittes.The notable member of the board includes Ahmed Ali Al sayegh, Khalifa Sultan Al Suwadi, Mubarak Hamad Al Muhairi, George Cheaib (Etihad Global 2016). Business case for restructuring: Being an executive Vice President of the Human Resource department, there are some important responsibilities to cater, such as planning and development, evaluation and maintenance, utilizing and retention of employees. The Human resource department focuses on the management of the airline, it also finds out the reason of restructuring and how the plans can be executed. The board of directors want to investigate about various factors, such as current situation of the airline, its main issue and concerns faced by customers. (Al-Ali and Ahmad 2014). Most of the customers are dissatisfied as per the reviews. The director is searching for a particular reason and wants to come up with a proper solution, which will help the customers in their journey. Porters five forces: Figure 2: Porters five forces (Source: Dobbs 2014) Porters five forces can be explained as an identification tool which classify and investigates about the competition in the industry, possibility of the new entrants, power of customer and supplier, and treat of substitute. This simple tool allows one to judge both strengths and weaknesses of the position of the company and provides enough understanding for further steps to be taken (Dobbs 2014). The following paragraphs give an understanding of the various elements of Porters Five Forces. Supplier power (LOW) Suppliers hold an important place in any business situation. If the products provided by the suppliers are unique and there are not many suppliers available, they have much power to control the prices. Thus, they become very powerful. Airline companies does not change suppliers easily. Generally, most of them have a long-term contract with the suppliers. Etihad airways have implemented the cloud-based solution in procurement and supply management department. It has plans to introduce the supplier performance management solutions for more productivity and fulfilment. Bargaining power of the suppliers also has a low treat. Buyer power (HIGH) Buyer power refers to the pressure consumers can create on business to get high quality products, better customer service and lower prices. If a company deals with very powerful yet small number of buyers, these buyers have the capacity to change terms to suit them. Airline industry has two kinds of buyers. One of them are individual buyers. They can buy the flight tickets for a number of reason. It can be for the personal or business use. Another group of buyers buy the tickets from the agents or agencies. Here, the ticket buyer works as a middleman between the flight and the flyers. Flights have very low switching cost as customers choose it according to the time and cost. Each customer prefer different things when it comes to flight. Overall the industry has a low threat to the bargaining power of buyers. Competitive rivalry (HIGH) This stage discusses about the rivalry among existing players. The industry is very stagnant and the fixed costs are high. Different firms has different brand identity, which lessen the competition in the industry. Competitions among the existing firms are the strongest forces in the industry. The biggest rival of Etihad Airways is the Emirates Airways. Apart from Emirates, Qatar Airways also gives a tough competition to Etihad. The Turkish airlines plans to invest more than three billion on the new airlines (Gazzar 2016) Threat of substitution (MEDIUM) Due to global recession, most of the customers are choosing low cost airlines. Sometimes the customers prefer such airlines, which do not have any major benefits. There are some flights, which offer the same benefits as Etihad but on a lower cost. Customers tend to prefer these flights rather than investing too much on Etihad. Threat of new entry (LOW) United Arab Emirates is developing rapidly in the aviation industry. The region is expecting more growth in the airlines as more commercial airlines planned to operate from the international airport of Abu Dhabi. This may threat Etihad airways with the customers opt to fly with low cost airlines of the country. Newer competitors will try to take advantage of any industry that is yielding great revenue. A company already established in such a market should be well protected and keep improving to retain their position and hold over the market. Dafts structural dimension: Figure 3: Dafts structural dimension (Source: Anwar 2015 ) Goals and strategy It defines the principle and the reasonable techniques that can be different among organizations. The Etihad airline focuses more on hospitality, which is the primary goal of the organization. It is continuously working on the enhancement of the hospitality between east and west (Al-Ali and Ahmad 2014). Organizational technology The organizational technology refers to the tools and techniques, which are used for transforming the structure of the organization. All the flights have instant Wi-Fi connectivity and entertainment for the customers ( Al-Ali and Ahmad 2014). Organizational structure This discussed about the internal characteristic of the organization. The structure can be based on capacity, frequency, air fares, application of traffics. Organizational culture The culture discusses the beliefs and key values; it also tries to understand the norms and conditions shared by the employee. Problems: Etihad is one of the latest flights to join the airlines industry. The airlines company choose to adopt a different strategy, which included acquiring stakes and code-sharing partnerships. This meant they had tie-ups with several companies to sell seats to each other which lead to dramatic growth of the network. They have invested over $1 billion in several airlines like the Virgin Australia, Air Siberia, Jet Airways India and Air Seychelles ( Al-Ali and Ahmad 2014).Eventually after the very successful few years, Etihad started seeing signs of trouble. The airlines they have invested in required larger cash inflows and further management time.Etihad faced a lot of problem as their deal with Airberlin gradually grew into a legal battle. The German transport ministry were not happy with their agreement of code sharing. They acquired growth with numbers but it ultimately lead to much complexity and required great management. They even faced loss with the Italian carrier. They had invest ed to buy 49% of carriers stakes ( Al-Ali and Ahmad 2014). Other than this, the company has received several complaints and discouraging reviews about the airline. The main problems faced by the passengers include faulty entertainment systems, rude behaviour from the cabin crew. The first and foremost problem the passengers are reporting is the problem with booking and cancelling their tickets. They customer care personnel have not been able to completely help the customers to go through the process and this is mainly because of their complex booking and code-sharing methods with other flights. Their airbuses are not at the best state. The seats are falling apart and not well maintained. The other flights clean their toilets after short intervals while one of major complaints of customers has been about unclean toilets. The economy class is neglected and the food provided is not up to the standards. They face several operational challenges because of the already explained methods of complex sharing amongst the other airlines. This often lead s to delays which range from 30 minutes to even two hours. It becomes extremely problematic for the passengers who are travelling at night. The Abu Dhabi airport receives an astronomical amount of traffic because it acts as a connection between several parts of the world. These passengers who travel at night often have to face the delay which leads to problems with coordinating with the next connecting flight. The lounge lacks the necessary facilities ( Al-Ali and Ahmad 2014). In the past year, a lot of tension has been generated between Etihad and their counterparts in the US and Europe and it is gradually growing. They have faced a lot of anti-completive reaction from the bigger and already established carriers. This is simply because they are only protecting their share in the market and improving their position. The problems are easily identified with the Porters Five Factor (Dobbs 2014). The fluctuating and highly unstable fuel prices are responsible for the suppliers to gain much power over the airline companies. The availability of better services at the Emirates Airlines and others at almost similar prices is driving the crowd of customers towards the other companies. These airlines do not have much complicated booking or cancelling procedures. The quality of food is better when compared with Etihads. Thus, the other airlines are racing far ahead of the Etihad in competitive rivalry and thus, being easily replaced. There is always a threat of newer business spawning up to make the competition even tougher for them. Literature review Organisational restructuring strategies can be of three modes, financial restructuring, portfolio and organisational restructuring. Organisational restructuring mainly discusses the changes in the policies of human resource. The human resource policies must be changed. Many symptoms indicate that the organisation needs a restructure. Such symptoms can be staff problems inefficient communication and Innovation in technologies, which have created changes in the workflow and in the process of production. For the new operational requirements, innovative skills and capabilities are required. Financial distress can be another major issue for any organization. The restructuring procedure always looks forward to identifying a variety of investment opportunities that will result in a higher return. The financial restructuring can be accomplished with the motive of lowering the cost of capital, avoiding loss of control, enhancing liquidity and improving shareholder value. For significant regar ding improvement in productivity, the company can break itself into smaller independent business unit. Outsourcing helps the company to reduce work force. Other than outsourcing the company can be merged with other companies for better result. Mergers can be of three types. Horizontal mergers, when two companies compete in the same market together. Vertical mergers, when two companies produce different goods for one specified finished goods and conglomerate mergers corporate to achieve three objectives, extension of the product, entrance into the new geographical market, entry into different business ( Al-Ali and Ahmad 2014). Industry analysis: The paper surveys about the issues in airlines performance across all the regions. It also focuses on the problems faced by the Etihad airlines. Customer satisfaction has been the major issue for the airlines. Lots of research has been done in the airline industry for efficiency and productivity. Figure 4: Organizational design model (Source: Rice 2013 ) The organizational design model is also known as a star model. The design policies can be divided into five categories. Strategy, system, structure, process and leadership. Strategy: Strategy is the winning formula of the company. It specifies the objectives and goals to be achieved. It also discusses about the missions that are to be pursued and helps the company to find out the correct direction. The strategy mainly focuses on the product or services of the company. It also focuses on a specific target segment. Structure: The placement of the power and authority in an organization is distributed by its structure (Goetsch and Davis 2014). Every organisation has a specific structure. Structure policies basically define four areas namely specialization, shape, distribution and departments Specialization is the different kind of job specialities that can be used to perform a work. Shape is the number of people divided by the department. Large number of people helps the organization to divide the organisation into departments. Centralization and decentralization refers to the distribution. The department usually deals with the issues critical to the organisations mission. To from the departments departmentalization is necessary. Departments are usually formed on the products, markets, functions, customers and geographies. Processes: The information and other processes belong to the structure of the organization. Management processes can be both vertical and horizontal (Goetsch and Davis 2014). Vertical processes are usually the planning of business and budgeting. Different departments are selected accordingly to the budgets and the priorities are set. Horizontal is a lateral process, which deals with the new business with fulfilling the customers. Leadership: Leadership qualities are very important for any organization. The goal of the leader is the goal of the organization. A leader needs to lead from the front every time the organization requires. A leader also needs to be transparent, confident and inspirable (Tremaine 2016). The reward system align the goals of the employee with the organization. The organizational reward system defines the policies, salaries and promotions. System: System refers to the people in the organizational model (Rice 2013), which governs the policies of human resource, such as recruitment, selection, training and development. System produces the talents required by the organization (Goetsch and Davis 2014). In other words, System explains the exact strategy of the organisation. System focuses on generating require skills and policy choices of the other areas. It deals with the execution of the strategic directions. Organisations require flexible people. Who can manage people without confliction and influence without any authorities (Flamholtz 2012). Analysis and restructuring The Etihad functions in an extremely complicated manner and thus requires a larger number of manpower to function smoothly. Unstable and high fuel costs, shortage of staff along with a lot of airbuses being out of business has led to exorbitant prices of the tickets. This has resulted in a decrease of passengers. (Squalli 2014). The main aim of Etihad must be improving their efficiency. They must be able to banish any sort of airline delays that includes both crowd sourcing and security checks. People do not like to be overburdened with time-consuming paperwork concerning security. Airports are always at high-security situations. The management faces an exhausting struggle to keep the revenues in positive, manage the security needs, and tackle extreme competition and adverse weather conditions. An effective way to deal with the present situation is to simplify the process of ticket booking they follow. It will save time and the passengers will not be frustrated with the process. They require more managerial effort for such change to happen. The whole system must have technological upgrade to make it a faster process. To achieve all these, the company needs higher revenue returns and that can be achieved by potential cost-cutting methods which will attract more customers. They can attract more business class travellers by providing more flight time options to bring up the revenue. It will not only generate greater revenue but also lead to efficient services and better hold over the competitive industry. Security is a great concern in all airports. It is important that the airport as well as the passengers remain safe throughout the process. Installing various body scanners and intricate methods of searching has been a source of controversy for a long time. Certain airports refuse to let their passenger fly if they refuse to go through scanners. They must come up with a balance between viability and security at an acceptable level to shorten the delay incurred in security checks and delays in flights (Gillen and Morrison 2015). The ground staff must be able to help the passengers understand the need of such checks and hasten the process. The airbuses of Etihad somewhat lack the necessary modern technological connectivity advantages. All flights have instant Wi-Fi connectivity and entertainment for the customers. This is what a modern consumer demands. The economy classes generally suffer from crippled entertainment devices. Until new airbuses are being used, these minor things may be fixed for higher customer satisfaction. Safety in air is important. For the last fifty years travelling by air has been the safest way of travel, but recently there has been terrible crashes and planes lost due to unpredictable weather conditions. These may be lessened in number by using high-end technology to monitor and predict weather conditions (Maille and Chaudron 2014). Channelling money here than keeping excess superior heads in the company will lead to higher profits. The customers will be reassured about their safety when they come to know about the advance technology is being used to safeguard their lives they will not be hesitant to shell out some more money. Airlines need to have great amount money assigned for the fuel charges. With the recent rise in the fuel prices, the airlines are facing great challenges to keep up to their schedules of multiple flights daily. This problem can be partially sorted by use of biofuels. They might be extremely financially sound but they are getting better at reducing the cost.Cutting off weight in aircrafts will be profitable too. The company needs to reduce the number of senior vice presidents. One person could be assigned to look after minimum of three departments. This will reduce the cost of the company a lot. The HR department should be assigned to deal with better recruitment of the group as well as the in-flight cabin crew. Proper pilots must be chosen adhering to the new rules and regulation of aviation. Ground staff should be reduced in number and in place of manpower technology must be employed to hasten the security checks. As Etihad has a complicated process of operations, more manpower should be concentrated in the basic managerial posts. The HR department should choose creative and technologically sound people to suit the needs of the company (Ulrich 2013). Thus, the changed hierarchy should be the Board of chairman would be there, who has the highest authority to take the major decisions in the organization. One Vice president would do there instead of four. Every group should have a group leade r, who can report to the Vice President. Minimum number of people in the management will help the organisation to structure properly. The reframed structure of the Etihad Airways will help them to cope with the losses have incurred in the past because of the legal conflicts and other partner airlines not performing up to the mark. The needed manpower in the managerial sector will look after the problems faced by the customers. The lesser number of senior heads will reduce the cost of functioning of the company. This amount of money can be allocated towards improving the customer experience by providing the necessary benefits. This will slowly bring in the lost customers and the company will gain back the lost position in the market. Communication is very important in restricting any company. Any sort change in the prevalent structure will upset the working system. Most of the employees will be bewildered and perplexed by the changes that appear to them as sudden. The managers must be able to clear out the all the ambiguity and help to curb the fear of uncertainty amongst the employees. There must be regular announcements to keep the employees informed about all the changes that are taking place even if they are negligible. It will allow them to settle into the newer system faster and get adjusted to it. Every restructuring will see loss of jobs and this will yield negative impact among the remaining employees. Talking to them about the changes, the needs for the changes that are taking place and results they are yielding will help the company gain back the confidence of the employees. Restructuring requires great amount of planning and re-planning to achieve the most viable plan to achieve the changes and goals in hand. It requires looking at every aspect and how it affects the company, group and revenue returns. It is also important to see how the customer will be affected with the following changes that are to be implemented. Etihad requires both changes in the structure of the hierarchy of the company and the financial sector. It needs reallocation of funds to services and customer satisfaction that will generate higher revenues. To prepare such a structural change a lot of other factors have been kept in mind. The main has been how the rivals or competitors have framed their companies and analysing their profit returns. This provided the backbone of the research of the whole planning. It is necessary to have everything properly planned and mapped out. To smoothly implement the changes there must be adequate amount of communication between the employer and the employees. There will be reallocation of several teams and the team leaders as well. The new management heads should talk to the groups on a personal level to ease out the process of reallocation. They will have to adjust to the newer working structure than the managerial heads high up in the hierarchy. Feedback must flow in specific intervals to analyse how the restructuring is affecting the internal atmosphere of the company. Their ideas and solutions also come in handy. The proposed vision to achieve the goals combined with their ideas may lead to even greater results. They know their sector of work in intricate details and can identify any problem much easily than others. Etihad is mainly lacking in proper management of the operations and thus requires more attention. There must be emphasis on the ground staff and the cabin crew as well. This is source of the major problems that company faces. Thus, the focus should be on these two sectors. The benefits of restructuring using this plan for the company are varied. Some of them are purely financial. This plan will bring back the loss of the money the company has been facing in the past few years, increase the value of the company and revive the declining state. With such revival, the company will gain competitive advantage. There will be steady growth with the elimination of the problem areas. This plan is aimed at better survival strategies and success. Conclusion: Restructuring any organization or company will face challenges and hardships. There is no specified equation to success. It has to be achieved by careful market analysis and trial and error method because each and every company is unique. Etihad Airways is one of the three gulf carriers and growing rapidly. It has great tie-ups with eight other airways. The basic change the company will face is change in the hierarchy and more focus will be on the operations along with the cabin crew. With slow but steady improvements as projected before, the Etihad Airways will gain a well-recognised place in the aviation industry. The managers along with their staff will achieve the goals paving the path for glorious future. Thus, this plan will be a success and encourage the growing together, working together, giving together and greener together. Introduction Professional experience Being an Executive Vice President of the Human Resource department, the main responsibilities in respective of improving the business processes of the airline company are catering to planning and development, evaluating and maintaining, utilizing and retaining the employees. The responsibilities of Human resource department are the proper management of the business processes, finding out the reasons of restructuring and to execute the plans properly. The other responsibilities include the allocation of the tasks to the employees such that to get the optimal performance from them (Trullen et al. 2016). The responsibilities also include the provision of carrier services to the customers of the airlines company with the dedication of meeting the expectations of the customers. Learning outcomes Etihad Airways is one of the three carriers providing services to the gulf countries, which has been growing rapidly on a global market. In the last few years, the customers of the airline company have been facing problems with the customer services. The company has also received several complaints and discouraging reviews about the airline. Moreover, the availability of better services from the competitor airlines at almost similar prices is affecting the loyalty of the customers towards Etihad Airways. Thus, the management of the airline company is urgently required to plan and implement appropriate strategies in order to help the organization revive in the market and to enhance its sustainability in future (Jones and Saundry 2012). When keeping records, the managers are required to be very careful about documentation. They are also required to figure out specific goals, time lines, and expected outcomes for the airlines company. The managers should be taking pride in developing wa ys to overcome a barrier to a solution. Company facing problems with the customer services. Complaints and discouraging reviews from customers. Affecting the loyalty of the customers towards Etihad Airways. Strategy Management topics to be considered Etihad requires both changes in the structure of the hierarchy of the company and the financial sector. It needs reallocation of funds to services and customer satisfaction that will generate higher revenues. In order to implicate such a structural change, the company needs to implement appropriate strategies. Thus, the first topic would be to plan effective business strategies, which could be implemented within the business processes of Etihad Airways. This would provide the backbone of the research of the whole planning. It is necessary to have everything properly planned and mapped out (Kooij et al. 2013). In order to smoothly implement the changes, there must be adequate amount of communication between the employer and the employees. Thus, proper communication among the employees should also be facilitated that could help in enhancing their knowledge and would help in improving their performances as well. This implementation of the proper communication would be the second topic. Application of learning An effective way to deal with the present situation is to implicatemore managerial effort for such change to happen (Coleman 2015). The entire business processes are required to be automated in order to make them faster. In order to achieve its goals, the company needs higher revenue returns and that can be achieved by implementing potential cost-cutting methods. Etihad Airways has chosen to adopt a different strategy for acquiring stakes and code-sharing partnerships. The company can attract more business class travellers by providing standard customer service. It will not only generate greater revenue for the company but also lead to efficient services and better hold over the competitive industry (Al-Aliand Ahmad 2014). Critical reflection Reflection on organizational design Etihad requires both changes in the structure of the hierarchy of the company and the financial sector. To prepare such a structural change many other factors have been kept in mind. The main has been how the rivals or competitors have framed their companies and analysing their profit returns. From the critical reflection on the organizational design, I have to understand and recognize all the understandings of Etihad Airlines. From the critical reflection about the strategy management of the airlines company, I found three learning outcomes. First, the customers of the airline company have been facing problems with the customer services. Second, the company has received several complaints and discouraging reviews about the airline. Third, the availability of better services from the competitor airlines at almost similar prices is affecting the loyalty of the customers towards Etihad Airways. Thus, the airline company is urgently required to plan and implement appropriate strategies in order to revive its position in the market and to enhance its sustainability in the future. In order to achieve the learning outcomes, I am, required to develop criteria, and critically evaluate the strategies that could help in choosing the most likely strategies to prove successful for the company. I need to keep records and be very careful about documentation of the same as relevant to the company. I also need to figure out specific goals, time lines, and expected outcomes for the airlines company. The execution of my learning plan will enable the company to overcome a barrier to a solution. Self-Reflection Strategy and performance strength As a potential manager, the main responsibility would be to formulate the strategy and find out how to handle the challenges and issues as faced by the airline company. According to Wetzel (2012), the manager is required to ensure that the strategies should be open to the wide range of ideas and assumptions. Based on the scoring (refer to Appendix 1), I have a stronger will in supporting and assisting my organization. My skills would be helpful for Etihad Airlines for achieving the excellence and operational efficiencies. My professional background as a Human Resource manager would be contributing in enhancing the performance of the business processes of the company by exploiting on the creativity and abilities of the employees working in the company. Technology for control and social business My score (refer to Appendix 1) suggest that I have a positive personality who is capable of setting goals for the company. My skills suggest that I am better prepared for the managerial role in the organization. These skills would enable me to set up the targets for the company and manage the business processes in aneffective way such that to remain competitive and sustainable in the global market. Making important decisions As a potential manager, the main responsibility would be to make important decisions for the company, which could be able to handle the challenges and issues as faced by the airline company. According to Longeneckerand Fink(2013), the manager is required to ensure that the decisions benign made for the long-term benefits of the organization. Based on the scoring (refer to Appendix 1), I am more of a linear decision maker. I use logical rationality in order to make my decision that could be beneficial for the company. I make decisions based on the facts and information as available related to the company. Relation with the experience In order to achieve the operational outcome, I used to prefer specific goals to develop the strategies for the organizations. I also helped my resources to define their own goals in choosing the most likely to prove successful for the company. I kept records about documentation as relevant to the company. I also figured out specific goals, time lines, and expected outcomes for the airlines company. The execution of my efficient learning plan enabled the company to overcome a barrier to a solution. These skills enabled me to set up the targets for the company and managed the business processes in and effective way (Kaufman 2015). I also used logical rationality in order to make my decision that could be beneficial for the company in the future. Application to the future professional development and achieving the goals My Strategy and performance strength skills would be helpful for Etihad Airlines for achieving the excellence and operational efficiencies (Wetzel 2012). My professional background as a Human Resource manager would be contributing in enhancing the performance of the business processes of the company by exploiting on the creativity and abilities of the employees working in the company. My social skills as evident from the score (refer to Appendix 1) suggest that I am better prepared for the managerial role in the organization. These skills would enable me to set up the targets for the company and manage the business processes in an effective way such that to remain competitive and sustainable in the global market use logical rationality in order to make my decision that could be beneficial for the company in the future. I make decisions based on the facts and information as available related to the company. Personal action plan Identification of three goals Short-term goals (3-6 months) The short-term goals for Etihad Airlines would be to implement strategies for achieving its goals. Firstly, it should be implementing appropriate strategies for influencing the customers to choose the flyer across the globe. Secondly, it should be raising the standards of the customer service, which is the main requirement of the airlines industry (Al-Aliand Ahmad2014). Medium term goals (6 months) It should also monitor the progress of its business processes such that to identify any issues and correct the same. The Etihad Airlines need to look for improving its business processes including maximizing its cargo profitability, improving the customer service, reducing administration, minimizing transit times, and maximizing load factors as well (Kaufman 2015) Long-term goals (18- 36 months) The mission of the airline company is to be the 21st century global airline. The company also needs to reflect on the best hospitality in the world. However, the company is known for its high priced tickets as compared to other airlines, which the majority of population cannot afford. Thus, the long-term goal of the company would be to reduce down its operations costs by automating the services. The vision of the company is to remain competitive and sustainable in the global market (Lewis 2013). Action table for the goals Proposed action Challenges Approach Key Performance Indicator Start Date Duration Short term goals Enhancing customer care service Rise in competition from Lufthansa and other competition airlines Openness to a wide range of assumptions and feedback from the customers and solving out the issues if any Increase in customer base 3rd July 2016 2nd Oct- 2nd Nov 2016 Influencing customers to select the flyer High priced tickets Reducing down the ticket prices and providing offers to the customers Increase in travelling frequency of the customers 3rd July 2016 2nd Oct- 2nd Nov 2016 Achieving goals Managing adhocs Implementing the business processes that could provide optimal yield Analysing the documents in the annual report 3rd July 2016 2nd Oct- 2nd Nov 2016 Medium term goals Monitoring the progress of business processes Long term skill development Setting the goals by phases Analysing the documents in the annual report 3rd July 2016 2nd Jan 2017 Reducing administration Difficulty of handling manual labour Implementing automation in the business processes like ticket booking counters, baggage counters and others Savings from reduced labour costs 3rd July 2016 2nd Jan 2017 Long term goals Maximizing the profitability Huge investment involved in enhancing its business expansion Penetrating the pricing strategy and reducing down on the operation costs Income statement in the financial report 3rd July 2016 2nd March 2018 Remain competitive and sustainable in the global market Rise in competition from Lufthansa and other competition airlines Discuss with manager and objectify the goals and mission statement by implementing appropriate strategies Annual report data 3rd July 2016 2nd March 2018 Infusing loyalty in the customers Retention of older employees Enhancing the customer service standard and building healthier relationship with them by providing with offers and discounts Increase in travelling frequency of the customers 3rd July 2016 2nd June 2018 Table 1: Action table for Etihad Airlines Source: Created by author References Al-Ali, H.A. and Ahmad, S.Z., 2014. 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Competitive rivalry (HIGH)